Lead metal smelting waste acid containing high concentrations of arsenic and sulfuric acid threaten human health and pose huge potential environmental risks due to its possible leakages during storage and disposal. In order to remove arsenic in smelting waste acid, a new method for arsenic removal by adding zero-valent lead and CuSO₄ is proposed. The substitution reaction between zero-valent lead and CuSO₄ to generate Cu⁰, and form a Pb-Cu galvanic cell system with zero-valent lead. Through the reduction of zero-valent lead, As(III) was reduced to As(0) and reacted with Cu⁰ to produce Cu₃As precipitation. As the pH of waste acid changed, AsO₂^- will produce As₂O₃. When the molar ratio of Pb to As (Pb/As) was 6, CuSO₄ concentration was 7 g/L, 25 °C, and 240 min, the arsenic concentration sharp decreased from 4706.4 mg/L to 35.21 mg/L, arsenic removal efficiency reached 99.25%. The arsenic removal process could be described by the shrinking core model which was controlled by a diffusion process. XRD, SEM-EDS, and XPS were used to characterize the phase, morphology, and elemental valence of the arsenic-containing precipitates. Based on the above analysis and combined with thermodynamic analysis, the mechanism of arsenic removal by zero-valent lead combined with CuSO₄ was revealed.

含有高浓度砷和硫酸的铅金属冶炼废酸在储存和处置过程中可能发生泄漏，对人体健康构成巨大威胁，并带来巨大的环境风险。为了去除冶炼废酸中的砷，提出了一种添加零价铅和CuSO _{4 的}除砷新方法。零价铅与CuSO ₄发生取代反应生成Cu ⁰，与零价铅形成Pb-Cu原电池体系。通过零价铅的还原，As(III)被还原为As(0)并与Cu ⁰反应生成Cu ₃ As沉淀。随着废酸pH值的变化，AsO ₂ ^-会产生As₂ O ₃。当 Pb 与 As 的摩尔比 (Pb/As) 为 6，CuSO ₄浓度为 7 g/L，25 °C，240 min 时，砷浓度从 4706.4 mg/L 急剧下降到 35.21 mg/L，砷去除效率达到99.25%。砷的去除过程可以通过由扩散过程控制的收缩核心模型来描述。XRD、SEM-EDS 和 XPS 用于表征含砷沉淀物的相、形貌和元素价态。在上述分析的基础上，结合热力学分析，揭示了零价铅与CuSO ₄结合脱砷的机理。