This meta-analytic study examined the associations between child-father attachment in early childhood and children's externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Based on 15 samples (N = 1,304 dyads), the association between child-father attachment insecurity and externalizing behaviors was significant and moderate in magnitude (r = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.27 or d = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.55). No moderators of this association were identified. Based on 12 samples (N = 1,073), the association between child-father attachment insecurity and internalizing behaviors was also significant, albeit smaller in magnitude (r = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.15; or d = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.31). Between-study heterogeneity was insufficient to consider moderators. When compared to the effect sizes of prior meta-analyses on child-mother attachment and behavior problems, the quality of the attachment relationship with fathers yields a similar magnitude of associations to children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Results support the need to consider the role of the attachment network, which notably includes attachment relationships to both fathers and mothers, to understand how attachment relationships contribute to child development.

中文翻译：

---

幼儿期的父子依恋和行为问题：荟萃分析

这项荟萃分析研究检查了儿童早期的父子依恋与儿童外化和内化行为问题之间的关联。基于 15 个样本（N  = 1,304 dyads），孩子与父亲的依恋不安全感与外化行为之间的关联是显着且中等的（r  = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.27 或d  = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.20 , 0.55)。没有发现该协会的主持人。基于 12 个样本 ( N  = 1,073)，父子依恋不安全感与内化行为之间的关联也很显着，尽管幅度较小 ( r  = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.15;或d = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.31)。研究间的异质性不足以考虑调节因素。与先前荟萃分析对儿童-母亲依恋和行为问题的影响大小相比，与父亲的依恋关系的质量与儿童的外化和内化行为的关联程度相似。结果支持需要考虑依恋网络的作用，特别是包括对父亲和母亲的依恋关系，以了解依恋关系如何促进儿童发展。