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Police Stops and Adolescent Substance Use: Findings From the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study
Journal of Adolescent Health ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.08.024
Dylan B Jackson 1 , Alexander Testa 2 , Cashen M Boccio 2
Affiliation  

Purpose

The aim of this study is to investigate associations between police stops and adolescent substance use among a large, representative sample of adolescents in the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods

Data from the three most recent sweeps of the UK Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative contemporary birth cohort of children born in the UK between September 2000 and January 2002, were analyzed in 2021 (N = 10,345). Lifetime police stops are assessed at age 14 (Sweep 6, 2015) and a diverse set of adolescent substance use behaviors are assessed at age 17 (Sweep 7, 2018). Weights are used to account for sample design and multiple imputation for missing data.

Results

Youth experiencing police stops by the age of 14 (14.72%) reported significantly higher engagement in substance use behaviors at age 17, including frequent binge drinking (adjusted relative risk ratio [ARRR] = 3.56, confidence interval [CI] = 2.80–4.03), cigarette use (ARRR = 3.97, CI = 3.26–4.84), e-cigarette use (ARRR = 2.22, CI = 1.69–2.93), cannabis use (ARRR = 3.63, CI = 2.88–4.57), and illicit drug use (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 3.06, CI = 2.45–3.81). Ancillary analyses revealed that findings linking police stops to substance use emerge across distinct stop features (e.g., questioned vs. warned), following adjustment for substance use at age 14, and when examining substance use initiation after the age of 14.

Conclusions

Police officers should be trained to effectively communicate and interact with youth to mitigate adverse sequelae of stops. Youth may also benefit from mental health and substance use screenings as well as counseling care following these events.



中文翻译:

警察拦截和青少年物质使用:英国千年队列研究的结果

目的

本研究的目的是调查在英国 (UK) 的大量具有代表性的青少年样本中,警察拦截与青少年物质使用之间的关联。

方法

2021 年分析了来自英国千年队列研究 (UK Millennium Cohort Study) 的最新三项数据,该研究是具有全国代表性的当代出生队列,对 2000 年 9 月至 2002 年 1 月期间在英国出生的儿童进行了分析(N = 10,345)。终生警察拦截在 14 岁时进行评估(Sweep 6, 2015),并在 17 岁时评估各种青少年物质使用行为(Sweep 7, 2018)。权重用于说明样本设计和缺失数据的多重插补。

结果

在 14 岁时经历警察拦截的青少年 (14.72%) 报告称,他们在 17 岁时参与物质使用行为的比例显着增加,包括经常酗酒(调整后的相对风险比 [ARRR] = 3.56,置信区间 [CI] = 2.80–4.03) , 香烟使用 (ARRR = 3.97, CI = 3.26–4.84), 电子烟使用 (ARRR = 2.22, CI = 1.69–2.93), 大麻使用 (ARRR = 3.63, CI = 2.88–4.57) 和非法药物使用 (调整后的发病率比 = 3.06,CI = 2.45–3.81)。辅助分析显示,在 14 岁时对药物使用进行调整后,以及在 14 岁后检查药物使用开始时,发现将警察停止与药物使用联系起来的发现出现在不同的停止特征(例如,质疑与警告)中。

结论

警务人员应接受培训,以有效地与青少年沟通和互动,以减轻停车带来的不良后果。青少年也可以从心理健康和物质使用筛查以及这些事件后的咨询护理中受益。

更新日期:2021-10-15
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