The replicability crisis has drawn attention to numerous weaknesses in psychology and social science research practice. In this work we focus on three issues that cannot be addressed with replication alone, and which deserve more attention: Functional misspecification, structural misspecification, and unreliable interpretation of results. We demonstrate a number of possible consequences via simulation, and provide recommendations for researchers to improve their research practice. Psychologists and social scientists should engage with these areas of analytical and statistical improvement, as they have the potential to seriously hinder scientific progress. Every research question and hypothesis may present its own unique challenges, and it is only through an awareness and understanding of varied statistical methods for predictive and causal modeling, that researchers will have the tools with which to appropriately address them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

中文翻译：

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心理学和社会科学中的错误描述和不可靠的解释。

可复制性危机引起了人们对心理学和社会科学研究实践中众多弱点的关注。在这项工作中，我们重点关注三个问题，这些问题不能仅通过复制来解决，值得更多关注：功能错误指定、结构错误指定和结果解释不可靠。我们通过模拟展示了许多可能的后果，并为研究人员提供改进其研究实践的建议。心理学家和社会科学家应该参与这些分析和统计改进领域，因为它们有可能严重阻碍科学进步。每个研究问题和假设都可能提出其独特的挑战，只有通过认识和理解用于预测和因果建模的各种统计方法，研究人员才能拥有适当解决这些问题的工具。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）