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Settling of exhaled respiratory droplets in the vicinity of vortex flows
Atomization and Sprays ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 , DOI: 10.1615/atomizspr.2021035800
Yuval Dagan

A new mathematical analysis of the dynamics and settling distances of exhaled droplets and aerosols in the vicinity of vortical environments is presented. A dipolar vortex is considered self-propelling through a cloud of micron-sized droplets. This configuration may represent a vast number of indoor and outdoor environments in which similar unsteady vortical flow structures may interact with the exhaled respiratory droplet. We consider the steady two-dimensional Lamb-Chaplygin solution for the carried flow, coupled with unsteady Lagrangian particle equations for the droplet dynamics. We find that the vortex dipole effect may significantly enhance the droplet settling distances, which depend on the Stokes number, the vorticity, and the droplets' location relative to the vortex core. Our theoretical analysis reveals non-intuitive interactions between the vortex dipole, droplet relaxation time, and gravity, suggesting an optimal Stokes number for maximum displacement, which may reach up to an order of magnitude larger than the vortex core length-scale at moderate Stokes numbers. In terms of exhaled respiratory droplets, the results show that exhaled droplets in the vicinity of such vortical flow structures may be captured and transferred by self-propelling vortical structures and propagate much farther than previously reported for both quiescent and turbulent jets. Our theoretical study suggests a new mechanism for virus spread and proposes a simple model that may be used to controlling the spread of exhaled respiratory droplets in vortical environments.

中文翻译:

在涡流附近沉降呼出的呼吸道飞沫

对涡流环境附近呼出的液滴和气溶胶的动力学和沉降距离进行了新的数学分析。偶极涡流被认为是通过一团微米大小的液滴自行推进的。这种配置可以代表大量的室内和室外环境,其中类似的不稳定涡流结构可能与呼出的呼吸液滴相互作用。我们考虑载流的稳定二维 Lamb-Chaplygin 解,以及液滴动力学的不稳定拉格朗日粒子方程。我们发现涡旋偶极子效应可能会显着提高液滴沉降距离,这取决于斯托克斯数、涡度和液滴相对于涡核的位置。我们的理论分析揭示了涡旋偶极子、液滴弛豫时间和重力之间的非直观相互作用,表明最大位移的最佳斯托克斯数,在中等斯托克斯数下可能比涡核长度尺度大一个数量级. 就呼出的呼吸飞沫而言,结果表明,在这种涡流结构附近的呼出飞沫可能会被自推进涡流结构捕获和转移,并且传播的距离比先前报道的静止和湍流射流要远得多。我们的理论研究提出了一种病毒传播的新机制,并提出了一个简单的模型,可用于控制呼出的呼吸道飞沫在涡流环境中的传播。建议最大位移的最佳斯托克斯数,在中等斯托克斯数下,其可能比涡核长度尺度大一个数量级。就呼出的呼吸飞沫而言,结果表明,在这种涡流结构附近的呼出飞沫可能会被自推进涡流结构捕获和转移,并且传播的距离比先前报道的静止和湍流射流要远得多。我们的理论研究提出了一种病毒传播的新机制,并提出了一个简单的模型,可用于控制呼出的呼吸道飞沫在涡流环境中的传播。建议最大位移的最佳斯托克斯数,在中等斯托克斯数下,其可能比涡核长度尺度大一个数量级。就呼出的呼吸飞沫而言,结果表明,这种涡流结构附近的呼出飞沫可能会被自推进涡流结构捕获和转移,并且传播得比先前报道的静止和湍流喷流要远得多。我们的理论研究提出了一种病毒传播的新机制,并提出了一个简单的模型,可用于控制呼出的呼吸道飞沫在涡流环境中的传播。就呼出的呼吸飞沫而言,结果表明,在这种涡流结构附近的呼出飞沫可能会被自推进涡流结构捕获和转移,并且传播的距离比先前报道的静止和湍流射流要远得多。我们的理论研究提出了一种病毒传播的新机制,并提出了一个简单的模型,可用于控制呼出的呼吸道飞沫在涡流环境中的传播。就呼出的呼吸飞沫而言,结果表明,在这种涡流结构附近的呼出飞沫可能会被自推进涡流结构捕获和转移,并且传播的距离比先前报道的静止和湍流射流要远得多。我们的理论研究提出了一种病毒传播的新机制,并提出了一个简单的模型,可用于控制呼出的呼吸道飞沫在涡流环境中的传播。
更新日期:2021-10-14
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