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Benefits outweigh the risks: a consensus statement on the risks of physical activity for people living with long-term conditions
British Journal of Sports Medicine ( IF 18.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 , DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104281
Hamish Reid 1, 2 , Ashley Jane Ridout 3 , Simone Annabella Tomaz 4 , Paul Kelly 5 , Natasha Jones 3, 6 ,
Affiliation  

Introduction The benefits of physical activity for people living with long-term conditions (LTCs) are well established. However, the risks of physical activity are less well documented. The fear of exacerbating symptoms and causing adverse events is a persuasive barrier to physical activity in this population. This work aimed to agree clear statements for use by healthcare professionals about medical risks of physical activity for people living with LTCs through expert consensus. These statements addressed the following questions: (1) Is increasing physical activity safe for people living with one or more LTC? (2) Are the symptoms and clinical syndromes associated with common LTCs aggravated in the short or long term by increasing physical activity levels? (3) What specific risks should healthcare professionals consider when advising symptomatic people with one or more LTCs to increase their physical activity levels? Methods Statements were developed in a multistage process, guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation tool. A patient and clinician involvement process, a rapid literature review and a steering group workshop informed the development of draft symptom and syndrome-based statements. We then tested and refined the draft statements and supporting evidence using a three-stage modified online Delphi study, incorporating a multidisciplinary expert panel with a broad range of clinical specialties. Results Twenty-eight experts completed the Delphi process. All statements achieved consensus with a final agreement between 88.5%–96.5%. Five ‘impact statements’ conclude that (1) for people living with LTCs, the benefits of physical activity far outweigh the risks, (2) despite the risks being very low, perceived risk is high, (3) person-centred conversations are essential for addressing perceived risk, (4) everybody has their own starting point and (5) people should stop and seek medical attention if they experience a dramatic increase in symptoms. In addition, eight symptom/syndrome-based statements discuss specific risks for musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, cardiac chest pain, palpitations, dysglycaemia, cognitive impairment and falls and frailty. Conclusion Clear, consistent messaging on risk across healthcare will improve people living with LTCs confidence to be physically active. Addressing the fear of adverse events on an individual level will help healthcare professionals affect meaningful behavioural change in day-to-day practice. Evidence does not support routine preparticipation medical clearance for people with stable LTCs if they build up gradually from their current level. The need for medical guidance, as opposed to clearance, should be determined by individuals with specific concerns about active symptoms. As part of a system-wide approach, consistent messaging from healthcare professionals around risk will also help reduce cross-sector barriers to engagement for this population.

中文翻译:

收益大于风险:关于长期身体活动风险的共识声明

引言 体力活动对患有长期疾病 (LTC) 的人的益处已广为人知。然而,体育活动的风险却鲜有记载。对加重症状和引起不良事件的恐惧是该人群进行身体活动的一个有说服力的障碍。这项工作旨在通过专家共识就 LTC 患者身体活动的医疗风险达成明确的声明,供医疗保健专业人员使用。这些声明解决了以下问题:(1) 对于患有一种或多种 LTC 的人来说,增加身体活动是否安全?(2) 与常见 LTC 相关的症状和临床综合征是否会因增加体力活动水平而在短期或长期内加重?(3) 在建议患有一种或多种 LTC 的有症状患者增加身体活动水平时,医疗保健专业人员应考虑哪些具体风险?方法 在研究和评估指南评估工具的指导下,声明是在多阶段过程中制定的。患者和临床医生参与过程、快速文献回顾和指导小组研讨会为制定基于症状和综合征的声明草案提供了信息。然后,我们使用三阶段修改的在线德尔福研究测试和完善了声明草案和支持证据,结合了具有广泛临床专业的多学科专家小组。结果 28 位专家完成了 Delphi 过程。所有声明均达成共识,最终一致率为 88.5%–96.5%。五个“影响陈述”得出结论:(1)对于长期患有 LTC 的人来说,体育活动的好处远远超过风险,(2)尽管风险非常低,但感知风险很高,(3)以人为本的对话至关重要为了解决感知风险,(4)每个人都有自己的出发点,(5)如果症状急剧增加,人们应该停下来就医。此外,八种基于症状/综合征的陈述讨论了肌肉骨骼疼痛、疲劳、呼吸短促、心脏胸痛、心悸、血糖异常、认知障碍、跌倒和虚弱。结论 清晰、一致的医疗保健风险信息将提高 LTC 患者对身体活动的信心。在个人层面解决对不良事件的恐惧将有助于医疗保健专业人员在日常实践中影响有意义的行为改变。证据不支持对具有稳定 LTC 的人进行常规的参与前体检,如果他们从目前的水平逐渐建立。是否需要医疗指导,而不是清除,应由对活动症状有特殊关注的个人确定。作为全系统方法的一部分,医疗保健专业人员围绕风险发出的一致信息也将有助于减少该人群参与的跨部门障碍。整个医疗保健领域的一致风险信息将提高患有 LTC 的人们对身体活动的信心。在个人层面解决对不良事件的恐惧将有助于医疗保健专业人员在日常实践中影响有意义的行为改变。证据不支持对具有稳定 LTC 的人进行常规的参与前体检,如果他们从目前的水平逐渐建立。是否需要医疗指导,而不是清除,应由对活动症状有特殊关注的个人确定。作为全系统方法的一部分,医疗保健专业人员围绕风险发出的一致信息也将有助于减少该人群参与的跨部门障碍。整个医疗保健领域的一致风险信息将提高患有 LTC 的人们对身体活动的信心。在个人层面解决对不良事件的恐惧将有助于医疗保健专业人员在日常实践中影响有意义的行为改变。证据不支持对具有稳定 LTC 的人进行常规的参与前体检,如果他们从目前的水平逐渐建立。是否需要医疗指导,而不是清除,应由对活动症状有特殊关注的个人确定。作为全系统方法的一部分,医疗保健专业人员围绕风险发出的一致信息也将有助于减少该人群参与的跨部门障碍。在个人层面解决对不良事件的恐惧将有助于医疗保健专业人员在日常实践中影响有意义的行为改变。证据不支持对具有稳定 LTC 的人进行常规的参与前体检,如果他们从目前的水平逐渐建立。是否需要医疗指导,而不是清除,应由对活动症状有特殊关注的个人确定。作为全系统方法的一部分,医疗保健专业人员围绕风险发出的一致信息也将有助于减少该人群参与的跨部门障碍。在个人层面解决对不良事件的恐惧将有助于医疗保健专业人员在日常实践中影响有意义的行为改变。证据不支持对具有稳定 LTC 的人进行常规的参与前体检,如果他们从目前的水平逐渐建立。是否需要医疗指导,而不是清除,应由对活动症状有特殊关注的个人确定。作为全系统方法的一部分,医疗保健专业人员围绕风险发出的一致信息也将有助于减少该人群参与的跨部门障碍。证据不支持对具有稳定 LTC 的人进行常规的参与前体检,如果他们从目前的水平逐渐建立。是否需要医疗指导,而不是清除,应由对活动症状有特殊关注的个人确定。作为全系统方法的一部分,医疗保健专业人员围绕风险发出的一致信息也将有助于减少该人群参与的跨部门障碍。证据不支持对具有稳定 LTC 的人进行常规的参与前体检,如果他们从目前的水平逐渐建立。是否需要医疗指导,而不是清除,应由对活动症状有特殊关注的个人确定。作为全系统方法的一部分,医疗保健专业人员围绕风险发出的一致信息也将有助于减少该人群参与的跨部门障碍。
更新日期:2022-03-31
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