Microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based microneedles are an innovative way of drug delivery that increases the permeability of the skin. It generates microscopic pores inside the skin that leads to the passive diffusion of drugs for dermal microcirculation to take place. This phenomenon helps toward efficient drug penetration. MEMS microneedles are small-sized needles usually in the micron to millimeter range, normally having a length to width of about 150–550 µm and 50–300 µm. respectively. Their tip diameter varies from 1 to 80 µm that can pierce through the epidermis layer directly to dermal tissues devoid of any pain. In this paper, a broad overview of solid microneedles for biomedical applications has been presented. The objective of this review is to collect the state of art main features related to solid microneedles. Particularly, the challenges related to solid microneedles, such as materials and methods used in the fabrication of microneedles, design and their performance, testing, safety concerns, commercialization issues, and applications, have been discussed. Microneedles can be characterized conferring to their fabrication procedure, structure, materials, general shape and size, the shape of the tip, microneedle array thickness, and applications. This comprehensive review on solid microneedles may provide significant useful information for scientists or researchers working on the design and development of solid microneedles for biomedical applications.

基于微机电系统 (MEMS) 的微针是一种创新的药物输送方式，可增加皮肤的渗透性。它在皮肤内产生微小的毛孔，导致药物的被动扩散，从而发生皮肤微循环。这种现象有助于有效的药物渗透。MEMS 微针是通常在微米到毫米范围内的小尺寸针，通常长宽约为 150-550 µm 和 50-300 µm。分别。它们的尖端直径从 1 到 80 µm 不等，可以穿过表皮层直接刺入真皮组织，没有任何疼痛。在本文中，对用于生物医学应用的固体微针进行了广泛的概述。本次审查的目的是收集与实心微针相关的最新技术主要特征。特别，已经讨论了与固体微针相关的挑战，例如用于制造微针的材料和方法、设计及其性能、测试、安全问题、商业化问题和应用。微针可以根据其制造程序、结构、材料、一般形状和尺寸、尖端形状、微针阵列厚度和应用进行表征。这篇关于固体微针的综合综述可为从事生物医学应用固体微针设计和开发的科学家或研究人员提供重要的有用信息。已经讨论过了。微针可以根据其制造程序、结构、材料、一般形状和尺寸、尖端形状、微针阵列厚度和应用进行表征。这篇关于固体微针的综合综述可能为从事生物医学应用固体微针设计和开发的科学家或研究人员提供重要的有用信息。已经讨论过了。微针可以根据其制造程序、结构、材料、一般形状和尺寸、尖端形状、微针阵列厚度和应用进行表征。这篇关于固体微针的综合综述可能为从事生物医学应用固体微针设计和开发的科学家或研究人员提供重要的有用信息。