The Holzman archaeological site, located along Shaw Creek in interior Alaska, contained two mammoth ivory rods, of which one is bi-beveled, within a stratigraphically sealed cultural context. Dated 13,600–13,300 cal BP, these are the earliest known examples of osseous rod technology in the Americas. Beveled ivory, antler, and bone rods and points share technological similarities between Upper Paleolithic Europe, Asia, eastern Beringia, and the Clovis tradition of North America and are important tool types in understanding the late Pleistocene dispersal of modern humans. The Holzman finds are comparable to well-known Clovis tradition artifacts from Anzick (Montana), Blackwater Draw (New Mexico), East Wenatchee (Washington), and Sherman Cave (Ohio). We describe these tools in the broader context of late Pleistocene osseous technology with implications for acquisition and use of mammoth ivory in eastern Beringia and beyond.

Holzman 考古遗址位于阿拉斯加内陆的 Shaw Creek 沿岸，在地层密封的文化环境中包含两根巨大的象牙棒，其中一根是双斜面的。年代为 13,600–13,300 cal BP，这些是美洲最早的骨棒技术实例。斜面象牙、鹿角和骨棒和尖头在旧石器时代晚期欧洲、亚洲、白令东部和北美克洛维斯传统之间具有技术相似性，是了解更新世晚期现代人类传播的重要工具类型。Holzman 的发现可与来自 Anzick（蒙大拿州）、Blackwater Draw（新墨西哥州）、East Wenatchee（华盛顿州）和 Sherman Cave（俄亥俄州）的著名克洛维斯传统文物相媲美。