The study of the brain mechanisms underpinning social behavior is currently undergoing a paradigm shift, moving its focus from single individuals to the real-time interaction among groups of individuals. Although this development opens unprecedented opportunities to study how interpersonal brain activity shapes behaviors through learning, there have been few direct connections to the rich field of learning science. Our article examines how the rapidly developing field of interpersonal neuroscience is (and could be) contributing to our understanding of social learning. To this end, we first review recent research extracting indices of brain-to-brain coupling (BtBC) in the context of social behaviors and, in particular, social learning. We then discuss how studying communicative behaviors during learning can aid the interpretation of BtBC and how studying BtBC can inform our understanding of such behaviors. We then discuss how BtBC and communicative behaviors collectively can predict learning outcomes, and we suggest several causative and mechanistic models. Finally, we highlight key methodological and interpretational challenges as well as exciting opportunities for integrating research in interpersonal neuroscience with social learning, and we propose a multiperson framework for understanding how interpersonal transmission of information between individual brains shapes social learning.

对支撑社会行为的大脑机制的研究目前正在发生范式转变，将重点从单个个体转移到个体群体之间的实时交互。尽管这一发展为研究人际大脑活动如何通过学习塑造行为提供了前所未有的机会，但与丰富的学习科学领域几乎没有直接联系。我们的文章探讨了快速发展的人际神经科学领域如何（并且可能）有助于我们对社会学习的理解。为此，我们首先回顾了最近在社会行为，特别是社会学习的背景下提取脑与脑耦合（BtBC）指数的研究。然后，我们讨论了学习期间的交流行为如何有助于解释 BtBC，以及研究 BtBC 如何帮助我们理解这些行为。然后我们讨论 BtBC 和交际行为如何共同预测学习成果，我们提出了几个因果模型和机制模型。最后，我们强调了将人际神经科学研究与社会学习相结合的关键方法和解释挑战以及令人兴奋的机会，并且我们提出了一个多人框架来理解个体大脑之间的人际信息传递如何塑造社会学习。我们提出了几个因果模型和机制模型。最后，我们强调了将人际神经科学研究与社会学习相结合的关键方法和解释挑战以及令人兴奋的机会，并且我们提出了一个多人框架来理解个体大脑之间的人际信息传递如何塑造社会学习。我们提出了几个因果模型和机制模型。最后，我们强调了将人际神经科学研究与社会学习相结合的关键方法和解释挑战以及令人兴奋的机会，并且我们提出了一个多人框架来理解个体大脑之间的人际信息传递如何塑造社会学习。