Purpose

This study aims to present the issue of the international systemic competitiveness of the Polish economy. The essence of this concept was shown, as well as the measures and methods of analysis used. The aim of the research was to identify the factors that had the greatest impact on the formation of the international systemic competitiveness of the Polish economy.

Design/methodology/approach

An econometric model was constructed to explain the shaping of the value of the dependent variable (gross domestic product [GDP] per capita) in the years 2004–2019. For this purpose, explanatory variables were used selected from among the measures of the international systemic competitiveness of the Polish economy. The developed econometric model was verified to check its practical usefulness. This process was performed using the Gretl program. The research also used the Pentagon Model of Macroeconomic Stabilization, which was used to examine the general economic development of Poland because of which it is possible to conclude about the international systemic competitiveness of the economy.

Findings

In the analyzed period (2004–2019), the international systemic competitiveness of the Polish economy was to the greatest extent conditioned by such factors as government integrity, tax burdens and investment freedom. It is significant that the integrity of the government had a negative impact on the value of GDP per capita.

Practical implications

The results of the conducted research may be particularly useful for the institutional sphere. They indicate systemic factors that had the greatest impact on the prosperity of Polish society in the analyzed period. This enables the weakest elements of the policy to be identified and improved. Proper applications and appropriate corrective actions will have a positive economic effect.

Originality/value

So far, it has not been possible to develop/indicate a uniform and generally accepted measure and method of analyzing international systemic competitiveness. Therefore, all attempts to assess and measure systemic competitiveness have a high research value. The vast majority of studies on the international competitiveness of the economy focus only on assessing its level (growth, decline and comparison with other countries). When building an econometric model (based on the 2004–2019 time series), the author also checks the impact of its individual components, not only its level. On this basis, it can be deduced, which factors influenced the competitiveness in a given period to a greater extent, positively or negatively.

中文翻译：

---

2004-2019年波兰经济体系国际竞争力影响因素

目的

本研究旨在提出波兰经济的国际系统竞争力问题。展示了这一概念的本质，以及所使用的分析措施和方法。研究的目的是确定对波兰经济的国际系统竞争力的形成影响最大的因素。

设计/方法/方法

构建了一个计量经济模型来解释 2004-2019 年因变量（人均国内生产总值 [GDP]）值的形成。为此，从波兰经济的国际系统竞争力的衡量标准中选择了解释变量。验证开发的计量经济学模型以检查其实际用途。这个过程是使用 Gretl 程序执行的。该研究还使用了五角大楼宏观经济稳定模型，该模型用于检查波兰的总体经济发展，因此可以得出关于经济的国际系统竞争力的结论。

发现

在分析期间（2004-2019），波兰经济的国际系统竞争力在最大程度上受政府诚信、税收负担和投资自由等因素的制约。值得注意的是，政府的诚信对人均 GDP 的价值产生了负面影响。

实际影响

所进行的研究的结果可能对制度领域特别有用。它们表明在所分析的时期内对波兰社会繁荣影响最大的系统性因素。这使得政策中最薄弱的部分能够被识别和改进。适当的应用和适当的纠正措施将产生积极的经济效果。

原创性/价值

迄今为止，尚无法制定/表明统一和普遍接受的衡量国际系统竞争力的衡量标准和方法。因此，所有评估和衡量系统竞争力的尝试都具有很高的研究价值。绝大多数关于经济国际竞争力的研究仅侧重于评估其水平（增长、下降和与其他国家的比较）。在构建计量经济模型（基于 2004-2019 时间序列）时，作者还检查其各个组成部分的影响，而不仅仅是其水平。在此基础上，可以推断出，哪些因素对一定时期内的竞争力产生了较大的正面或负面影响。