Fabrication of anti-wetting coatings with anti-biofouling and anti-biofilm properties has become a hot spot of attention in recent years. However, the anti-biofilm mechanism of anti-bacterial adhesion coatings with different wet resistance properties has not been explored in detail. In this work, SiO_x micro–nano particles were prepared by the Stöber method and were in situ modified. The SiO_x/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coatings were prepared by the drop coating method, and the coatings with different hydrophobic and oleophobic properties were constructed by modifying the process conditions using SiO_x micro–nano particles as the roughness construction factor. Taking the dominant spoilage bacteria of aquatic products, Shewanella putrefaciens as the object, the anti-bacterial adhesion properties and anti-biofilm mechanism of the SiO_x/WPU coatings were investigated. The results show that, with the unmodified SiO_x particles increasing from 1.2% (w/V) to 4.0% (w/V), the hydrophobicity and thermal stability of the SiO_x/WPU coatings are significantly enhanced, but the oil repellency becomes worse due to the mesoporous structure. After SiO_x micro–nano particles are modified with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane (PFOTS), the surface energy of the SiO_x/WPU coatings is decreased, the liquid repellency is improved, and the surfaces are rough with the appearance of fluorocarbon compounds, but the thermal stabilities are slightly reduced. Among them, after the secondary modification of SiO_x micro–nano particles, the SiO_x/WPU coatings showed excellent oil repellency, lower surface energies and higher fluorocarbon content on the surface. Particularly, SiO_x/WPU coatings exhibited super-amphiphobicity after adjusting the amount of concentrated ammonia added during the secondary modification process. Meanwhile, we found that for the hydrophobic SiO_x/WPU coatings, the stronger the oleophobic property, the greater the anti-bacterial adhesion ability is, while the anti-bacterial adhesion ability of hydrophobic and selectively oleophobic or superhydrophobic and oleophobic SiO_x/WPU coatings is poor than that of amphiphilic SiO_x/WPU coatings. However, because the super-amphiphobic SiO_x/WPU coatings can be in the Cassie state with the bacterial solution for a long time, it can “capture” enough air to inhibit the irreversible adhesion of the bacteria. More importantly, the coatings can also inhibit the metabolic activity, secretion of extracellular polysaccharides, and activities of ATPase and AKP of the adherent bacteria, so it has a better anti-biofilm property. The anti-biofilm coatings can be used as food packaging materials or coated on the inner surface of packaging boxes to prevent the microbial infection.

中文翻译：

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原位改性SiOx颗粒功能化WPU基超疏水涂层的制备及其抗生物膜机理

近年来，制备具有抗生物污损和抗生物膜性能的抗湿涂层已成为人们关注的热点。然而，具有不同抗湿性能的抗菌粘附涂层的抗生物膜机制尚未得到详细探讨。在这项工作中，SiO _x微纳米颗粒是通过 Stöber 方法制备的，并进行了原位改性。采用滴涂法制备了SiO _x /水性聚氨酯（WPU）涂层，并以SiO _x微纳米颗粒为粗糙度构建因子，通过修改工艺条件构建具有不同疏水和疏油性能的涂层。以水产品的优势腐败菌为例，以腐败希瓦氏菌为对象，研究了SiO _x /WPU 涂层的抗菌粘附性能和抗生物膜机理。结果表明，随着未改性SiO _x粒子从1.2% (w/V)增加到4.0% (w/V)，SiO _x /WPU涂层的疏水性和热稳定性显着增强，但拒油性变差。由于介孔结构而变得更糟。SiO _x微纳米颗粒用 1 H ,1 H ,2 H ,2 H -全氟辛基三氯硅烷 (PFOTS) 改性后，SiO _x的表面能/WPU涂层减少，拒液性提高，表面粗糙，出现氟碳化合物，但热稳定性略有降低。其中，SiO _x微纳米颗粒经过二次改性后，SiO _x /WPU 涂层表现出优异的拒油性、较低的表面能和较高的表面氟碳含量。特别是SiO _x /WPU 涂料在二次改性过程中调整浓氨的添加量后表现出超疏水性。同时，我们发现对于疏水性 SiO _x/ WPU涂料，越强的疏油特性，更大的抗细菌粘附能力，而疏水的和选择性疏油或超疏水性和疏油性的SiO的抗细菌粘附能力_X / WPU涂层比的两亲性的SiO差_X / WPU涂料。然而，由于超疏水性 SiO _x/WPU涂料可以与菌液长时间处于Cassie状态，它可以“捕获”足够的空气，抑制细菌的不可逆粘附。更重要的是，涂层还可以抑制粘附细菌的代谢活性、胞外多糖的分泌以及ATP酶和AKP的活性，因此具有更好的抗生物膜性能。抗生物膜涂层可用作食品包装材料或涂覆在包装盒内表面以防止微生物感染。