After more than one-hundred years of studies, there is still no consensus regarding the names for the nasal elements in Pipidae and their correspondence to that of other frogs. Names vary depending on authors’ preferences for an explanatory process associated with the observed state of the structure. Some of the names indicate absence, while others indicate fusion. As naming morphological structures relates to some sort of consensus regarding systematics’ knowledge, one would expect results of the two activities to go hand-in-hand. Within the monophyletic Pipidae, one would expect that the names of structures would be all settled. However, the situation is the contrary. Our efforts to pursue such a research and properly name the involved structures resulted in a deeper understanding of the evolution within the taxa involved. Herein we present the results of the study of embryos and juveniles of P. arrabali; based on which we offer additional evidence for the proper naming of the involved elements of the nasal region. Furthermore, using key structures as topographical markers, and by comparing our evaluation to those presented by previous researchers, we have sorted out the compound nature of some key structures and present a proper naming for the morphology investigated.

中文翻译：

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个体发育是了解 Pipidae 鼻囊结构形态的一种方法，重点是 Pipa arrabali (Lissamphibia: Anura)

经过一百多年的研究，对于鲶科的鼻部元素的名称以及它们与其他青蛙的对应关系，仍然没有达成共识。名称因作者对与观察到的结构状态相关的解释过程的偏好而异。一些名称表示缺席，而另一些则表示融合。由于命名形态结构与系统学知识的某种共识有关，人们会期望这两项活动的结果是齐头并进的。在单系 Pipidae 中，人们会期望结构的名称将全部确定。然而，情况恰恰相反。我们进行此类研究并正确命名所涉及的结构的努力导致对所涉及的分类群内的进化有更深入的了解。在此，我们介绍了 P. arrabali 胚胎和幼体的研究结果；在此基础上，我们为正确命名鼻区相关元素提供了额外的证据。此外，使用关键结构作为地形标记，并通过将我们的评估与先前研究人员的评估进行比较，我们整理了一些关键结构的复合性质，并为所研究的形态提供了适当的命名。