A compact planar four-element antenna array that can be used to improve the robustness and accuracy in applications of satellite-based navigation systems that require simple, low-cost, lightweight, and efficient antenna solutions is proposed in this article.By introducing an orthonormal transformation in the digital signal processing stage, it is possible to simplify the effect of the distorted in situ antenna radiation patterns obtaining an equivalent almost ideal phased array response. The actual prototype designed under this concept is a $14\,$ cm $\,\times 14\,$ cm single-layer microstrip antenna array for the GNSS L1/E1-bands that achieves a good total antenna efficiency without employing any additional matching/decoupling stage. Promising results obtained through numerical simulations and on-field experiments showing effective direction of arrival estimations and mitigation of radio frequency interferences with simple spatial processing algorithms applied after the proposed signal transformation are presented.

中文翻译：

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使用低成本紧凑型天线阵列进行简单有效的 GNSS 空间处理

本文提出了一种紧凑的平面四单元天线阵列，可用于提高卫星导航系统应用的鲁棒性和准确性，这些系统需要简单、低成本、轻量级和高效的天线解决方案。在数字信号处理阶段进行变换，可以简化失真的效果 原位天线辐射方向图获得等效的几乎理想的相控阵响应。在这个概念下设计的实际原型是$14\,$ 厘米 $\,\times 14\,$用于 GNSS L1/E1 频段的 cm 单层微带天线阵列，无需使用任何额外的匹配/去耦级即可实现良好的总天线效率。通过数值模拟和现场实验获得的有希望的结果显示了有效的到达方向估计和无线电频率干扰的减轻，在提出的信号变换后应用了简单的空间处理算法。