As a clean and renewable energy, bioenergy is one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels. Lignocellulose possesses great potential for bioenergy production, but the recalcitrant and heterogeneous structure limits its application. Pretreatment technology offers an effective solution to fractionate the main components of the lignocellulose and uncover the available cellulose. The obtained feedstock can be applied to bioconversion into energy, e.g., bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, etc. Here, the current state of lignocellulose pretreatment technologies was comprehensively reviewed, the advances in bioenergy production from pretreated lignocellulose was described, with particular attention to key challenges involved. Several new strategies for overcoming pretreatment barriers to realize highly efficient lignocellulose bioconversion were highlighted. The insights given in this review will facilitate further development on lignocellulosic bioenergy production, towards addressing the global energy crisis and climate change related to the use of fossil fuels.

作为一种清洁的可再生能源，生物能源是最有前途的化石燃料替代品之一。木质纤维素具有巨大的生物能源生产潜力，但其顽固和异质结构限制了其应用。预处理技术提供了一种有效的解决方案来分离木质纤维素的主要成分并发现可用的纤维素。获得的原料可用于生物转化为能源，例如生物乙醇、沼气、生物氢等。 本文全面回顾了木质纤维素预处理技术的现状，描述了预处理木质纤维素生产生物能源的进展，特别关注关键所涉及的挑战。强调了几种克服预处理障碍以实现高效木质纤维素生物转化的新策略。本综述中给出的见解将促进木质纤维素生物能源生产的进一步发展，以解决与化石燃料使用相关的全球能源危机和气候变化。