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Comparing the performance of the novel FAMCAT algorithms and established case-finding criteria for familial hypercholesterolaemia in primary care
Open Heart Pub Date : 2021-10-01 , DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001752
Nadeem Qureshi 1 , Ralph K Akyea 2 , Brittany Dutton 2 , Jo Leonardi-Bee 2, 3 , Steve E Humphries 4 , Stephen Weng 5 , Joe Kai 2
Affiliation  

Objective Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common inherited disorder causing premature coronary heart disease (CHD) and death. We have developed the novel Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Case Ascertainment Tool (FAMCAT 1) case-finding algorithm for application in primary care, to improve detection of FH. The performance of this algorithm was further improved by including personal history of premature CHD (FAMCAT 2 algorithm). This study has evaluated their performance, at 95% specificity, to detect genetically confirmed FH in the general population. We also compared these algorithms to established clinical case-finding criteria. Methods Prospective validation study, in 14 general practices, recruiting participants from the general adult population with cholesterol documented. For 260 participants with available health records, we determined possible FH cases based on FAMCAT thresholds, Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) score, Simon-Broome criteria and recommended cholesterol thresholds (total cholesterol >9.0 mmol/L if ≥30 years or >7.5 mmol/L if <30 years), using clinical data from electronic and manual extraction of patient records and family history questionnaires. The reference standard was genetic testing. We examined detection rate (DR), sensitivity and specificity for each case-finding criteria. Results At 95% specificity, FAMCAT 1 had a DR of 27.8% (95% CI 12.5% to 50.9%) with sensitivity of 31.2% (95% CI 11.0% to 58.7%); while FAMCAT 2 had a DR of 45.8% (95% CI 27.9% to 64.9%) with sensitivity of 68.8% (95% CI 41.3% to 89.0%). DLCN score ≥6 points yielded a DR of 35.3% (95% CI 17.3% to 58.7%) and sensitivity of 37.5% (95% CI 15.2% to 64.6%). Using recommended cholesterol thresholds resulted in DR of 28.0% (95% CI 14.3% to 47.6%) with sensitivity of 43.8% (95% CI 19.8% to 70.1%). Simon-Broome criteria had lower DR 11.3% (95% CI 6.0% to 20.0%) and specificity 70.9% (95% CI 64.8% to 76.5%) but higher sensitivity of 56.3% (95% CI 29.9% to 80.2%). Conclusions In primary care, in patients with cholesterol documented, FAMCAT 2 performs better than other case-finding criteria for detecting genetically confirmed FH, with no prior clinical review required for case finding. Trial registration number [NCT03934320][1]. No data are available. We do not have consent from participants to share their data for the purposes of future research. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03934320&atom=%2Fopenhrt%2F8%2F2%2Fe001752.atom

中文翻译:

比较新型 FAMCAT 算法的性能和初级保健中家族性高胆固醇血症的既定病例发现标准

目的 家族性高胆固醇血症 (FH) 是一种常见的遗传性疾病,可导致早发性冠心病 (CHD) 和死亡。我们开发了用于初级保健的新型家族性高胆固醇血症病例确定工具 (FAMCAT 1) 病例发现算法,以改进 FH 的检测。通过包括早发性冠心病的个人病史(FAMCAT 2 算法),进一步提高了该算法的性能。这项研究以 95% 的特异性评估了它们在检测一般人群中经基因证实的 FH 方面的表现。我们还将这些算法与已建立的临床病例发现标准进行了比较。方法 前瞻性验证研究,在 14 个一般实践中,从有胆固醇记录的普通成年人群中招募参与者。对于具有可用健康记录的 260 名参与者,我们根据 FAMCAT 阈值、Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) 评分、Simon-Broome 标准和推荐的胆固醇阈值(总胆固醇 >9.0 mmol/L 如果≥30 岁或 >7.5 mmol/L 如果 <30 岁)确定可能的 FH 病例,使用从电子和手动提取的患者记录和家族史问卷中提取的临床数据。参考标准是基因检测。我们检查了每个病例发现标准的检出率 (DR)、敏感性和特异性。结果 在 95% 的特异性下,FAMCAT 1 的 DR 为 27.8%(95% CI 12.5% 至 50.9%),灵敏度为 31.2%(95% CI 11.0% 至 58.7%);而 FAMCAT 2 的 DR 为 45.8%(95% CI 27.9% 至 64.9%),灵敏度为 68.8%(95% CI 41.3% 至 89.0%)。DLCN 得分≥6 分的 DR 为 35.3%(95% CI 17.3% 至 58.7%),敏感性为 37.5%(95% CI 15.2% 至 64.6%)。使用推荐的胆固醇阈值导致 DR 为 28.0%(95% CI 14.3% 至 47.6%),灵敏度为 43.8%(95% CI 19.8% 至 70.1%)。Simon-Broome 标准具有较低的 DR 11.3%(95% CI 6.0% 至 20.0%)和特异性 70.9%(95% CI 64.8% 至 76.5%),但灵敏度较高,为 56.3%(95% CI 29.9% 至 80.2%)。结论 在初级保健中,在有胆固醇记录的患者中,FAMCAT 2 在检测基因证实的 FH 方面比其他病例发现标准表现更好,病例发现不需要事先临床审查。试用注册号[NCT03934320][1]。没有可用数据。我们没有征得参与者的同意,可以出于未来研究的目的共享他们的数据。[1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03934320&atom=%2Fopenhrt%2F8%2F2%2Fe001752.atom 6%),灵敏度为 43.8%(95% CI 19.8% 至 70.1%)。Simon-Broome 标准具有较低的 DR 11.3%(95% CI 6.0% 至 20.0%)和特异性 70.9%(95% CI 64.8% 至 76.5%),但灵敏度较高,为 56.3%(95% CI 29.9% 至 80.2%)。结论 在初级保健中,在有胆固醇记录的患者中,FAMCAT 2 在检测基因证实的 FH 方面比其他病例发现标准表现更好,病例发现不需要事先临床审查。试用注册号[NCT03934320][1]。没有可用数据。我们没有征得参与者的同意,可以出于未来研究的目的共享他们的数据。[1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03934320&atom=%2Fopenhrt%2F8%2F2%2Fe001752.atom 6%),灵敏度为 43.8%(95% CI 19.8% 至 70.1%)。Simon-Broome 标准具有较低的 DR 11.3%(95% CI 6.0% 至 20.0%)和特异性 70.9%(95% CI 64.8% 至 76.5%),但灵敏度较高,为 56.3%(95% CI 29.9% 至 80.2%)。结论 在初级保健中,在有胆固醇记录的患者中,FAMCAT 2 在检测基因证实的 FH 方面比其他病例发现标准表现更好,病例发现不需要事先临床审查。试用注册号[NCT03934320][1]。没有可用数据。我们没有征得参与者的同意,可以出于未来研究的目的共享他们的数据。[1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03934320&atom=%2Fopenhrt%2F8%2F2%2Fe001752.atom 9%(95% CI 64.8% 至 76.5%),但灵敏度更高,为 56.3%(95% CI 29.9% 至 80.2%)。结论 在初级保健中,在有胆固醇记录的患者中,FAMCAT 2 在检测基因证实的 FH 方面比其他病例发现标准表现更好,病例发现不需要事先临床审查。试用注册号[NCT03934320][1]。没有可用数据。我们没有征得参与者的同意,可以出于未来研究的目的共享他们的数据。[1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03934320&atom=%2Fopenhrt%2F8%2F2%2Fe001752.atom 9%(95% CI 64.8% 至 76.5%),但灵敏度更高,为 56.3%(95% CI 29.9% 至 80.2%)。结论 在初级保健中,在有胆固醇记录的患者中,FAMCAT 2 在检测基因证实的 FH 方面比其他病例发现标准表现更好,病例发现不需要事先临床审查。试用注册号[NCT03934320][1]。没有可用数据。我们没有征得参与者的同意,可以出于未来研究的目的共享他们的数据。[1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03934320&atom=%2Fopenhrt%2F8%2F2%2Fe001752.atom 病例发现不需要事先临床审查。试用注册号[NCT03934320][1]。没有可用数据。我们没有征得参与者的同意,可以出于未来研究的目的共享他们的数据。[1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03934320&atom=%2Fopenhrt%2F8%2F2%2Fe001752.atom 病例发现不需要事先临床审查。试用注册号[NCT03934320][1]。没有可用数据。我们没有征得参与者的同意,可以出于未来研究的目的共享他们的数据。[1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03934320&atom=%2Fopenhrt%2F8%2F2%2Fe001752.atom
更新日期:2021-10-12
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