The extent to which adopting energy-efficient technologies results in energy savings depends on how such technologies are used, and how monetary savings from energy efficiency are spent. Energy rebound occurs when potential energy savings are diminished due to post-adoption behaviour. Here we review empirical studies on how six behavioural regularities affect three energy-relevant decisions and ultimately rebound: adoption of energy-saving products or practices, their intensity of use and spending of associated monetary savings. The findings suggest that behaviours that reflect limited rationality and willpower may increase rebound, while the effects of behaviours driven by bounded self-interest are less clear. We then describe how interventions associated with each of the behavioural regularities can influence rebound and thus serve to achieve higher energy savings. Future research ought to study energy-relevant decisions in a more integrated manner, with a particular focus on re-spending as this presents the greatest challenge for research and policy.

采用节能技术在多大程度上实现节能取决于如何使用这些技术，以及如何使用节能带来的资金节约。当潜在的节能由于采用后的行为而减少时，就会发生能量反弹。在这里，我们回顾了关于六个行为规律如何影响三个与能源相关的决策并最终反弹的实证研究：节能产品或做法的采用、它们的使用强度和相关货币储蓄的支出。研究结果表明，反映有限理性和意志力的行为可能会增加反弹，而有限自我利益驱动的行为的影响则不太清楚。然后，我们描述了与每个行为规律相关的干预措施如何影响反弹，从而实现更高的节能效果。未来的研究应该以更综合的方式研究与能源相关的决策，特别关注再支出，因为这对研究和政策提出了最大的挑战。