Rutile from a wide range of orogenic gold deposits and districts, including representative world-class deposits, was investigated for its texture and trace element composition using scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Deposits are hosted in various country rocks including felsic to ultramafic igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks, which were metamorphosed from lower greenschist to middle amphibolite facies and with ages of mineralization that range from Archean to Phanerozoic. Rutile presents a wide range of size, texture, and chemical zoning. Rutile is the dominant TiO₂ polymorph in orogenic gold mineralization. Elemental plots and partial least square-discriminant analysis suggest that the composition of the country rocks exerts a strong control on concentrations of V, Nb, Ta, and Cr in rutile, whereas the metamorphic facies of the country rocks controls concentrations of V, Zr, Sc, U, rare earth elements, Y, Ca, Th, and Ba in rutile. The trace element composition of rutile in orogenic gold deposits can be distinguished from rutile in other deposit types and geologic settings. Elemental ratios Nb/V, Nb/Sb, and Sn/V differentiate the rutile trace element composition of orogenic gold deposits compared with those from other geologic settings and environments. A binary plot of Nb/V vs. W enables distinction of rutile in metamorphic-hydrothermal and hydrothermal deposits from rutile in magmatic-hydrothermal deposits and magmatic environments. The binary plot Nb/Sb vs. Sn/V distinguishes rutile in orogenic gold deposits from other geologic settings and environments. Results are used to establish geochemical criteria to constrain the source of rutile for indicator mineral surveys and potentially guide mineral exploration.

中文翻译：

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造山型金矿床金红石结构及微量元素组成

使用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针微量分析和激光烧蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法研究了来自各种造山金矿床和地区（包括具有代表性的世界级矿床）的金红石的质地和微量元素组成。矿床分布在各种乡村岩石中，包括长英质至超镁铁质火成岩和沉积岩，这些岩石从下绿片岩到中角闪岩相变质，成矿年龄从太古代到显生宙。金红石具有广泛的尺寸、质地和化学分区。金红石是主要的TiO ₂造山带金矿化的多晶型。元素图和偏最小二乘判别分析表明，围岩的成分对金红石中 V、Nb、Ta 和 Cr 的浓度有很强的控制，而围岩的变质相控制了 V、Zr、金红石中的 Sc、U、稀土元素、Y、Ca、Th 和 Ba。造山型金矿床中金红石的微量元素组成可以与其他矿床类型和地质环境中的金红石区别开来。与来自其他地质环境和环境的金矿床相比，Nb/V、Nb/Sb 和 Sn/V 元素比区分了造山金矿床的金红石微量元素组成。Nb/V 与 W 可以区分变质热液和热液矿床中的金红石与岩浆热液矿床和岩浆环境中的金红石。Nb/Sb 与 Sn/V 的二元图将造山金矿床中的金红石与其他地质环境和环境区分开来。结果用于建立地球化学标准，以限制指示矿物调查的金红石来源，并可能指导矿物勘探。