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Southeast Asia and the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees: Substance without Form?
International Journal of Refugee Law Pub Date : 2021-09-08 , DOI: 10.1093/ijrl/eeab035
Sébastien Moretti

The 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, supplemented by its 1967 Protocol, is the most comprehensive and universal instrument adopted to date to safeguard the fundamental rights of refugees and to regulate their status in countries of asylum. Yet, 70 years after its adoption, many countries – most of them in Asia – are unwilling to accede to it. Focusing on the ASEAN States, this article explores the reasons behind Southeast Asia’s resistance to the Refugee Convention, thereby highlighting some of its limitations. Contrary to the so-called ‘rejection’ of the international refugee law approach that currently prevails in the region, this article argues that Southeast Asian States have long recognized that refugees, as defined in the Refugee Convention, need protection. This is evidenced by their de facto different treatment of refugees compared to other irregular migrants, especially when it comes to arrest, detention, and deportation. The fact that non-signatory States act in conformity with the provisions of a treaty by which they are not bound reinforces the relevance of the Convention, if not as a formal source of obligation, at least as a model to delineate the contours of refugee protection. Somewhat ironically, their practice also contributes to the strengthening of international refugee law.

中文翻译:

东南亚和 1951 年关于难民地位的公约:没有形式的实质?

1951 年的《关于难民地位的公约》及其 1967 年的议定书对其进行了补充,是迄今为止为保障难民的基本权利和规范其在庇护国的地位而通过的最全面和最普遍的文书。然而,在其通过 70 年后,许多国家——其中大多数在亚洲——不愿加入。本文以东盟国家为中心,探讨东南亚抵制《难民公约》的原因,从而突出其局限性。与目前在该地区盛行的所谓“拒绝”国际难民法的做法相反,本文认为,东南亚国家早已认识到难民公约所定义的难民需要保护。与其他非正规移民相比,他们对难民的事实上不同的待遇就证明了这一点,尤其是在逮捕、拘留和驱逐出境方面。非签署国按照不受其约束的条约规定行事这一事实加强了《公约》的相关性,即使不是作为义务的正式来源,至少是作为界定难民保护范围的模式. 具有讽刺意味的是,他们的做法也有助于加强国际难民法。至少可以作为描绘难民保护轮廓的模型。具有讽刺意味的是,他们的做法也有助于加强国际难民法。至少可以作为描绘难民保护轮廓的模型。具有讽刺意味的是,他们的做法也有助于加强国际难民法。
更新日期:2021-09-08
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