The operating temperature, as one of the key factors influencing the system efficiency is very critical for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, the specific relationship between the operating temperature of PEMFC and its efficiency remains unclear, which further challenge the high-efficiency operation of the PEMFC in the fuel cell vehicle (FCV). This paper aims to decouple the operating temperature from the complicated driving conditions of the FCV, and find the mapping relationship between the operating temperature and PEMFC output power, hence to improve the efficiency by the optimal control of PEMFC system. A temperature control model of the PEMFC cooling system is established and enhanced by a series of experiments under different power levels against different temperature. The mapping relationship between the optimal operating temperature and the PEMFC power is obtained by the experiments. Then, a predictive control with the function of tracking the optimal operating temperature is developed and verified under NEDC and CHTC-HT driving cycles. Simulation results show that compared with constant temperature control and the traditional rule-based temperature control, under the optimal temperature tracking control, the PEMFC efficiency is improved by 15% and 18.2%, 25.6% and 28.7% respectively in the two driving cycles.

工作温度作为影响系统效率的关键因素之一，对于质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）来说非常关键。然而，PEMFC的运行温度与其效率之间的具体关系尚不清楚，这进一步挑战了PEMFC在燃料电池汽车（FCV）中的高效运行。本文旨在将运行温度与燃料电池汽车复杂的驱动条件解耦，找到运行温度与PEMFC输出功率之间的映射关系，从而通过PEMFC系统的优化控制来提高效率。通过在不同功率水平、不同温度下的一系列实验，建立并增强了 PEMFC 冷却系统的温度控制模型。通过实验得到了最佳工作温度与PEMFC功率之间的映射关系。然后，开发并验证了在 NEDC 和 CHTC-HT 驾驶循环下具有跟踪最佳工作温度功能的预测控制。仿真结果表明，与恒温控制和传统的基于规则的温度控制相比，在最优温度跟踪控制下，PEMFC的效率在两个行驶循环中分别提高了15%和18.2%、25.6%和28.7%。