ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives

According to the Attentional Control Theory, individuals with high levels of anxiety often shift their attention inefficiently due to increased effort to meet task demands. However, literature on the effects of anxiety on shifting performance is discrepant. This study examined the impacts of trait and state anxiety on attentional shifting and whether worry or depression explained variance in shifting.

Design and Methods

One-hundred thirty-eight undergraduate psychology students were randomized to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or control TSST. Subjects completed measures of state/trait anxiety, worry, and depression and a computerized attention task. Statistical analyses included linear mixed modelling (LMM), t-tests, and ANOVAs.

Results

Results revealed significant effects of state and trait anxiety and worry, but not depression. Type (location/direction) and presentation (switch/repeat) of trials also affected response times. Trait anxiety significantly related to trial presentation but did not interact with trial type. State anxiety did not significantly relate to either trial index. State and trait anxiety significantly impacted overall response time. Results revealed variations in cognitive flexibility, but no interactions between state and trait anxiety in predicting task switching.

Conclusion

These findings are discussed in the context of Attentional Control Theory and relevant empirical research.

中文翻译：

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特质焦虑和状态焦虑操纵对注意力转换的独特和相互作用的影响

摘要

背景和目标

根据注意力控制理论，高度焦虑的人通常会因为为满足任务需求而付出更多努力而无法有效地转移注意力。然而，关于焦虑对转变表现的影响的文献存在差异。这项研究检查了特质和状态焦虑对注意力转移的影响，以及担忧或抑郁是否解释了转移的差异。

设计和方法

一百三十八名本科心理学学生被随机分配到特里尔社会压力测试 (TSST) 或对照 TSST。受试者完成了状态/特质焦虑、担忧和抑郁的测量以及计算机化的注意力任务。统计分析包括线性混合建模 (LMM)、t检验和 ANOVA。

结果

结果显示状态和特质焦虑和担忧的显着影响，但不是抑郁。试验的类型（位置/方向）和呈现方式（切换/重复）也影响响应时间。特质焦虑与试验呈现显着相关，但与试验类型无关。状态焦虑与任一试验指数均无显着相关性。状态和特质焦虑显着影响整体反应时间。结果显示认知灵活性存在差异，但在预测任务转换时状态和特质焦虑之间没有相互作用。

结论

这些发现在注意控制理论和相关实证研究的背景下进行了讨论。