Imidacloprid is one of the most used neonicotinoid insecticides all over the world and is considered as a contaminant of concern due to its high toxicity potential to aquatic organisms. However, the majority of the studies that have evaluated the effects of imidacloprid on aquatic organisms were conducted under temperate conditions. In the present study, a mesocosm experiment was conducted under sub-tropical conditions to assess the effects of imidacloprid on the structure (macroinvertebrates, zooplankton and phytoplankton) and functional endpoints of an aquatic ecosystem and to compare the results with similar temperate and (sub-)tropical mesocosm studies. Imidacloprid (0, 0.03, 0.3 and 3 µg/L) was applied to 13 mesocosms weekly over a period of 4 weeks, followed by a one month recovery period. At the community level a lowest NOEC_community of 0.03 µg/L was calculated for the zooplankton, phytoplankton and macroinvertebrate communities. The highest sensitivity to imidacloprid (NOEC < 0.03 µg/L) were observed for Gerris sp., Diaptomus sp. and Brachionus quadridentatus. Imidacloprid induced population declines of the larger zooplankton species (Diaptomus sp. and Ostracoda) resulted in increased rotifer abundances and shifted the phytoplankton community to a graze resistant gelatinous cyanobacteria dominated ecosystem. These cyanobacteria blooms occurred at all different concentrations and could pose an important public health and environmental concern. Although there are some differences in species and community sensitivity between the present and the other (sub-)topical mesocosm studies, it can be observed that all show a similar general community response to imidacloprid. Under (sub-)tropical conditions, the toxic effects of imidacloprid occur at lower concentrations than found for temperate ecosystems.

吡虫啉是全世界最常用的新烟碱类杀虫剂之一，由于其对水生生物的高毒性潜力而被认为是一种值得关注的污染物。然而，大多数评估吡虫啉对水生生物影响的研究都是在温带条件下进行的。在本研究中，在亚热带条件下进行了中宇宙实验，以评估吡虫啉对水生生态系统的结构（大型无脊椎动物、浮游动物和浮游植物）和功能终点的影响，并将结果与​​类似的温带和（亚热带）进行比较。 )热带中观研究。吡虫啉（0、0.03、0.3 和 3 µg/L）在 4 周内每周应用于 13 个中层，然后是一个月的恢复期。在社区层面，NOEC 最低_社区为0.03微克/升计算的浮游动物，浮游植物和底栖动物群落。对于Gerris sp.、Diaptomus sp.观察到对吡虫啉的最高灵敏度 (NOEC < 0.03 µg/L) 。和Brachionus quadridentatus。吡虫啉导致较大的浮游动物物种（Diaptomussp. 和 Ostracoda) 导致轮虫丰度增加，并将浮游植物群落转移到以抗牧草胶状蓝藻为主的生态系统。这些蓝藻大量繁殖发生在所有不同的浓度，可能构成重要的公共健康和环境问题。尽管目前和其他（亚）局部中观研究在物种和群落敏感性方面存在一些差异，但可以观察到，所有研究都显示出对吡虫啉的相似的总体群落反应。在（亚）热带条件下，吡虫啉的毒性作用发生的浓度低于温带生态系统的浓度。