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Time Taken to Detect and Respond to Polio Outbreaks in Africa and the Potential Impact of Direct Molecular Detection and Nanopore Sequencing
The Journal of Infectious Diseases ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-06 , DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab518
Alexander G Shaw 1, 2 , Laura V Cooper 1, 2 , Nicksy Gumede 3 , Ananda S Bandyopadhyay 4 , Nicholas C Grassly 1, 2 , Isobel M Blake 1, 2
Affiliation  

Background Detection of poliovirus outbreaks relies on a complex laboratory algorithm of cell-culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing to distinguish wild-type and vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV) from Sabin-like strains. We investigated the potential for direct molecular detection and nanopore sequencing (DDNS) to accelerate poliovirus detection. Methods We analyzed laboratory data for time required to analyze and sequence serotype-2 VDPV (VDPV2) in stool collected from children with acute flaccid paralysis in Africa (May 2016–February 2020). Impact of delayed detection on VDPV2 outbreak size was assessed through negative binomial regression. Results VDPV2 confirmation in 525 stools required a median of 49 days from paralysis onset (10th–90th percentile, 29–74), comprising collection and transport (median, 16 days), cell-culture (7 days), intratypic differentiation quantitative reverse transcription PCR (3 days), and sequencing, including shipping if required (15 days). New VDPV2 outbreaks were confirmed a median of 35 days (27–60) after paralysis onset, which we estimate could be reduced to 16 days by DDNS (9–37). Because longer delays in confirmation and response were positively associated with more cases (P < .001), we estimate that DDNS could reduce the number of VDPV2 cases before a response by 28% (95% credible interval, 12%–42%). Conclusions DDNS could accelerate poliovirus outbreak response, reducing their size and the cost of eradication.

中文翻译:

检测和应对非洲脊髓灰质炎疫情所需的时间以及直接分子检测和纳米孔测序的潜在影响

背景 脊髓灰质炎病毒爆发的检测依赖于细胞培养、聚合酶链式反应 (PCR) 和测序的复杂实验室算法,以区分野生型和疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎病毒 (VDPV) 与 Sabin 样毒株。我们研究了直接分子检测和纳米孔测序 (DDNS) 加速脊髓灰质炎病毒检测的潜力。方法 我们分析了实验室数据,了解分析和测序从非洲急性弛缓性麻痹儿童(2016 年 5 月至 2020 年 2 月)收集的粪便中血清型 2 VDPV (VDPV2) 所需的时间。通过负二项式回归评估延迟检测对 VDPV2 暴发规模的影响。结果 525 次粪便中的 VDPV2 确认需要从麻痹发作起中位 49 天(第 10-90 个百分位数,29-74),包括收集和运输(中位数,16 天),细胞培养(7 天)、型内分化定量逆转录 PCR(3 天)和测序,包括运输(如果需要)(15 天)。新的 VDPV2 暴发在麻痹发作后的 35 天(27-60 天)被确​​认,我们估计 DDNS 可以将其缩短到 16 天(9-37)。由于确认和响应的较长延迟与更多病例呈正相关(P < .001),我们估计 DDNS 可以将响应前的 VDPV2 病例数减少 28%(95% 可信区间,12%–42%) . 结论 DDNS 可以加速脊髓灰质炎病毒爆发的响应,减少其规模和根除成本。新的 VDPV2 暴发在麻痹发作后的 35 天(27-60 天)被确​​认,我们估计 DDNS 可以将其缩短到 16 天(9-37)。由于确认和响应的较长延迟与更多病例呈正相关(P < .001),我们估计 DDNS 可以将响应前的 VDPV2 病例数减少 28%(95% 可信区间,12%–42%) . 结论 DDNS 可以加速脊髓灰质炎病毒爆发的响应,减少其规模和根除成本。新的 VDPV2 暴发在麻痹发作后的 35 天(27-60 天)被确​​认,我们估计 DDNS 可以将其缩短到 16 天(9-37)。由于确认和响应的较长延迟与更多病例呈正相关(P < .001),我们估计 DDNS 可以将响应前的 VDPV2 病例数减少 28%(95% 可信区间,12%–42%) . 结论 DDNS 可以加速脊髓灰质炎病毒爆发的响应,减少其规模和根除成本。
更新日期:2021-10-06
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