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COVID-19-Associated Orphanhood and Caregiver Death in the United States.
Pediatrics ( IF 8 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 , DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-053760
Susan D Hillis 1 , Alexandra Blenkinsop 2 , Andrés Villaveces 1 , Francis B Annor 1 , Leandris Liburd 1 , Greta M Massetti 1 , Zewditu Demissie 1 , James A Mercy 1 , Charles A Nelson Iii 3 , Lucie Cluver 4, 5 , Seth Flaxman 2 , Lorraine Sherr 6 , Christl A Donnelly 7, 8 , Oliver Ratmann 2 , H Juliette T Unwin 7
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Most coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths occur among adults, not children, and attention has focused on mitigating COVID-19 burden among adults. However, a tragic consequence of adult deaths is that high numbers of children might lose their parents and caregivers to COVID-19-associated deaths. METHODS We quantified COVID-19-associated caregiver loss and orphanhood in the United States and for each state using fertility and excess and COVID-19 mortality data. We assessed burden and rates of COVID-19-associated orphanhood and deaths of custodial and coresiding grandparents, overall and by race and ethnicity. We further examined variations in COVID-19-associated orphanhood by race and ethnicity for each state. RESULTS We found that from April 1, 2020, through June 30, 2021, >140 000 children in the United States experienced the death of a parent or grandparent caregiver. The risk of such loss was 1.1 to 4.5 times higher among children of racial and ethnic minority groups compared with non-Hispanic White children. The highest burden of COVID-19-associated death of parents and caregivers occurred in Southern border states for Hispanic children, in Southeastern states for Black children, and in states with tribal areas for American Indian and/or Alaska Native populations. CONCLUSIONS We found substantial disparities in distributions of COVID-19-associated death of parents and caregivers across racial and ethnic groups. Children losing caregivers to COVID-19 need care and safe, stable, and nurturing families with economic support, quality child care, and evidence-based parenting support programs. There is an urgent need to mount an evidence-based comprehensive response focused on those children at greatest risk in the states most affected.

中文翻译:

美国与 COVID-19 相关的孤儿和看护者死亡。

背景 大多数 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 死亡发生在成人中,而不是儿童中,人们的注意力集中在减轻成人中的 COVID-19 负担上。然而,成人死亡的一个悲惨后果是,大量儿童可能因与 COVID-19 相关的死亡而失去父母和照顾者。方法 我们使用生育率、过剩率和 COVID-19 死亡率数据,对美国各州与 COVID-19 相关的看护者流失和孤儿情况进行了量化。我们评估了与 COVID-19 相关的孤儿负担和比率,以及监护人和同居祖父母的死亡情况,总体上按种族和民族进行了评估。我们进一步研究了每个州与 COVID-19 相关的孤儿按种族和族裔划分的差异。结果 我们发现,从 2020 年 4 月 1 日到 2021 年 6 月 30 日,美国有超过 14 万名儿童经历了父母或祖父母照顾者的死亡。与非西班牙裔白人儿童相比,少数种族和族裔儿童的此类损失风险高出 1.1 至 4.5 倍。与 COVID-19 相关的父母和看护者死亡负担最重的地区是西班牙裔儿童的南部边境各州、黑人儿童的东南部各州以及美洲印第安人和/或阿拉斯加原住民部落地区的各州。结论 我们发现,不同种族和族裔群体的父母和照顾者与 COVID-19 相关的死亡分布存在巨大差异。因 COVID-19 失去看护者的儿童需要照顾和安全、稳定、有爱心的家庭,并提供经济支持、优质的儿童保育和基于证据的育儿支持计划。迫切需要针对受影响最严重的州中风险最大的儿童采取基于证据的综合应对措施。
更新日期:2021-10-07
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