Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are flexible, efficient, and cost-effective energy harvesters. Here, we develop high-performance ferroelectric-assisted TENGs using electrospun fibrous surfaces based on P(VDF-TrFE) with dispersed BaTiO₃ (BTO) nanofillers in either cubic (CBTO) or tetragonal (TBTO) form. TENGs with three types of tribo-negative surface (pristine P(VDF-TrFE), P(VDF-TrFE)/CBTO and P(VDF-TrFE)/TBTO) in contact with PET were investigated and output increased progressively from pristine (0.75 W/m²) to CBTO (2 W/m²) and to TBTO (2.75 W/m²). Accounting for contact pressure, the max output (V_oc = 315 V & J_sc = 6.7 µA/cm²) is significantly higher than for TENGs having spin-coated P(VDF-TrFE)/BTO. It is hypothesized that electrospinning increases dipole alignment due to high applied voltages, but also aids the formation of a highly oriented crystalline β-phase via uniaxial stretching. Essentially, tribo-charge transfer is boosted due to increased surface potential owing to enhanced ferroelectric polarization. P(VDF-TrFE)/TBTO produced higher output than P(VDF-TrFE)/CBTO even though permittivity is nearly identical. Thus, it is shown that BTO fillers boost output, not just by increasing permittivity, but also by enhancing the crystallinity and amount of the β-phase (as TBTO produced a more crystalline β-phase present in greater amounts). Finally, the ferroelectric-assisted TENG was integrated with a flexible graphene electrode-based supercapacitor to produce a self-charging system capable of charging to 1.25 V in just 5 mins. These results demonstrate that this technology can be valuable in wearable applications where higher power output, more efficient charging and flexibility are paramount.

摩擦纳米发电机 (TENG) 是灵活、高效且具有成本效益的能量收集器。在这里，我们使用基于 P(VDF-TrFE) 的电纺纤维表面与分散的 BaTiO ₃ (BTO) 纳米填料以立方 (CBTO) 或四方 (TBTO) 形式开发高性能铁电辅助 TENG 。研究了与 PET 接触的具有三种摩擦负表面（原始 P(VDF-TrFE)、P(VDF-TrFE)/CBTO 和 P(VDF-TrFE)/TBTO）的 TENG，输出从原始 (0.75 W/m ² ) 到 CBTO (2 W/m ² ) 和到 TBTO (2.75 W/m ² )。考虑到接触压力，最大输出 ( V _oc = 315 V & J _sc = 6.7 µA/cm ²) 显着高于具有旋涂 P(VDF-TrFE)/BTO 的 TENG。据推测，由于施加高电压，静电纺丝会增加偶极排列，但也有助于通过单轴拉伸形成高度取向的结晶 β 相。从本质上讲，由于铁电极化增强，表面电位增加，摩擦电荷转移得到促进。尽管介电常数几乎相同，但 P(VDF-TrFE)/TBTO 产生的输出高于 P(VDF-TrFE)/CBTO。因此，结果表明 BTO 填料提高了输出，不仅通过增加介电常数，而且还通过提高结晶度和 β 相的数量（因为 TBTO 产生了更多结晶的 β 相，数量更多）。最后，铁电辅助的 TENG 与基于石墨烯电极的柔性超级电容器集成，以产生能够在短短 5 分钟内充电至 1.25 V 的自充电系统。这些结果表明，这项技术在可穿戴应用中非常有价值，在这些应用中，更高的功率输出、更高效的充电和灵活性至关重要。