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Ransomware Mitigation in the Modern Era: A Comprehensive Review, Research Challenges, and Future Directions
ACM Computing Surveys ( IF 16.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-08 , DOI: 10.1145/3479393
Timothy McIntosh 1 , A. S. M. Kayes 1 , Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen 1 , Alex Ng 1 , Paul Watters 2
Affiliation  

Although ransomware has been around since the early days of personal computers, its sophistication and aggression have increased substantially over the years. Ransomware, as a type of malware to extort ransom payments from victims, has evolved to deliver payloads in different attack vectors and on multiple platforms, and creating repeated disruptions and financial loss to many victims. Many studies have performed ransomware analysis and/or presented detection, defense, or prevention techniques for ransomware. However, because the ransomware landscape has evolved aggressively, many of those studies have become less relevant or even outdated. Previous surveys on anti-ransomware studies have compared the methods and results of the studies they surveyed, but none of those surveys has attempted to critique on the internal or external validity of those studies. In this survey, we first examined the up-to-date concept of ransomware, and listed the inadequacies in current ransomware research. We then proposed a set of unified metrics to evaluate published studies on ransomware mitigation, and applied the metrics to 118 such studies to comprehensively compare and contrast their pros and cons, with the attempt to evaluate their relative strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we forecast the future trends of ransomware evolution, and propose future research directions.

中文翻译:

现代时代的勒索软件缓解:综合回顾、研究挑战和未来方向

尽管勒索软件自个人电脑问世之初就已存在,但其复杂性和攻击性多年来已大幅增加。勒索软件作为一种向受害者勒索赎金的恶意软件,已经发展为在不同的攻击媒介和多个平台上提供有效载荷,并给许多受害者造成反复的破坏和经济损失。许多研究已经进行了勒索软件分析和/或提出了勒索软件的检测、防御或预防技术。然而,由于勒索软件的发展势头迅猛,其中许多研究变得不那么相关,甚至已经过时。以前关于反勒索软件研究的调查比较了他们调查的研究的方法和结果,但这些调查都没有试图批评这些研究的内部或外部有效性。在本次调查中,我们首先考察了勒索软件的最新概念,并列出了当前勒索软件研究的不足之处。然后,我们提出了一套统一的指标来评估已发表的勒索软件缓解研究,并将这些指标应用于 118 项此类研究,以全面比较和对比它们的优缺点,并尝试评估它们的相对优势和劣势。最后,我们预测了勒索软件演变的未来趋势,并提出了未来的研究方向。并将这些指标应用于 118 项此类研究,以全面比较和对比它们的优缺点,并试图评估它们的相对优势和劣势。最后,我们预测了勒索软件演变的未来趋势,并提出了未来的研究方向。并将这些指标应用于 118 项此类研究,以全面比较和对比它们的优缺点,并试图评估它们的相对优势和劣势。最后,我们预测了勒索软件演变的未来趋势,并提出了未来的研究方向。
更新日期:2021-10-08
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