Abstract

A cross-sectional association between visual impairment and psychosis exists, but longitudinal evidence from children and young people is limited. We investigated whether childhood visual acuity was associated with subsequent psychotic experiences. Our sample was 6686 individuals from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We investigated whether our primary exposures, best corrected visual acuity at ages 7 and 11, were associated with psychotic experiences at ages 17 and 24. We also tested whether the following exposures at ages 7 and 11 were associated with subsequent psychotic experiences: requiring glasses, presence of any visual impairment, and between-eye visual acuity difference; and at age 7: strabismus, measures of binocular vision, history of eye patch, near vision impairment, and abnormal saccadic or pursuit eye movements. Analyses used multilevel models before and after adjusting for confounders. Odds of psychotic experiences increased with each 0.1-point deterioration in visual acuity score at age 11 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.42), and at age 7 (AOR 1.18; 95% CI 1.00–1.40). Wearing glasses and visual impairment at age 11 were associated with psychotic experiences (AOR 1.63; 95% CI 1.21–2.19; AOR 1.64; 95% CI 1.23–2.19, respectively). There was no evidence of an association with other visual exposures. Visual acuity impairment in childhood is associated with psychotic experiences in late adolescence. Future research should aim to elucidate the nature of this association.

中文翻译：

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儿童视力与青少年晚期精神病经历之间的关联：一项前瞻性出生队列研究

摘要

视力障碍和精神病之间存在横断面关联，但来自儿童和年轻人的纵向证据有限。我们调查了儿童视力是否与随后的精神病经历有关。我们的样本是来自雅芳父母和儿童纵向研究 (ALSPAC) 的 6686 人。我们调查了我们的主要暴露，即 7 岁和 11 岁的最佳矫正视力，是否与 17 岁和 24 岁的精神病经历相关。我们还测试了 7 岁和 11 岁的以下暴露是否与随后的精神病经历相关：需要眼镜，存在任何视力障碍，以及眼间视力差异；7 岁时：斜视、双眼视力测量、眼罩病史、近视力障碍、以及异常的扫视或追逐眼球运动。在调整混杂因素之前和之后，分析使用了多级模型。在 11 岁（调整优势比 [AOR] 1.23；95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.06-1.42）和 7 岁（AOR 1.18；95% CI 1.00–1.40)。11 岁时戴眼镜和视力障碍与精神病经历相关（AOR 1.63；95% CI 1.21–2.19；AOR 1.64；95% CI 1.23–2.19）。没有证据表明与其他视觉暴露有关。儿童期的视力损害与青春期后期的精神病经历有关。未来的研究应该旨在阐明这种关联的性质。在 11 岁（调整优势比 [AOR] 1.23；95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.06-1.42）和 7 岁（AOR 1.18；95% CI 1.00–1.40)。11 岁时戴眼镜和视力障碍与精神病经历相关（AOR 1.63；95% CI 1.21–2.19；AOR 1.64；95% CI 1.23–2.19）。没有证据表明与其他视觉暴露有关。儿童期的视力损害与青春期后期的精神病经历有关。未来的研究应该旨在阐明这种关联的性质。在 11 岁（调整优势比 [AOR] 1.23；95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.06-1.42）和 7 岁（AOR 1.18；95% CI 1.00–1.40)。11 岁时戴眼镜和视力障碍与精神病经历相关（AOR 1.63；95% CI 1.21–2.19；AOR 1.64；95% CI 1.23–2.19）。没有证据表明与其他视觉暴露有关。儿童期的视力损害与青春期后期的精神病经历有关。未来的研究应该旨在阐明这种关联的性质。11 岁时戴眼镜和视力障碍与精神病经历相关（AOR 1.63；95% CI 1.21–2.19；AOR 1.64；95% CI 1.23–2.19）。没有证据表明与其他视觉暴露有关。儿童期的视力损害与青春期后期的精神病经历有关。未来的研究应该旨在阐明这种关联的性质。11 岁时戴眼镜和视力障碍与精神病经历相关（AOR 1.63；95% CI 1.21–2.19；AOR 1.64；95% CI 1.23–2.19）。没有证据表明与其他视觉暴露有关。儿童期的视力损害与青春期后期的精神病经历有关。未来的研究应该旨在阐明这种关联的性质。