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Characterization of microplastics in sediment using stereomicroscopy and laser direct infrared (LDIR) spectroscopy
Gondwana Research ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2021.10.002
Yi-Ling Cheng 1 , Ruijie Zhang 1, 2 , Louis Tisinger 3 , Salvatore Cali 1 , Zhou Yu 4 , Hua Yun Chen 1 , An Li 1
Affiliation  

The analysis of microplastics (MP) becomes more difficult for smaller sizes, especially in complex matrices such as sediment of natural waters. In this work, we analyzed MPs in sediment using laser direct infrared (LDIR) imaging, a relatively new technique in environmental MP studies. Sediment samples were spiked with analytical surrogates (polyethylene spheres), and subjected to density separation, wet peroxide oxidation, calcite removal, and filtration. The extracted particles were coated on to a low-emissivity glass slide which was first examined on a stereomicroscope. Six slides (two sediment samples and four different blanks) were further analyzed using an Agilent LDIR system. Approximately 520 and 430 MP/g were found in the two samples, with diameter ranging 20-3,384 μm and 84% being smaller than 100 μm. The increase in particle count with decreasing particle sizes followed a power law curve, suggesting that a large portion of the smaller MPs was generated by the breakdown of larger plastic pieces. Major polymers found in this work included polyamide, polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyacetal. Most MPs were fragments, while beads and fiber were also found. In the two sediment samples, 14% and 46% of the total particles, respectively, were composed of non-plastic micro-sized particles, including natural polyamide, cellulose, chitin, rubber, and “unknown”. Challenges, potential biases, and uncertainties are discussed. This work is the first application of LDIR imaging on MPs in natural sediment.



中文翻译:

使用立体显微镜和激光直接红外 (LDIR) 光谱表征沉积物中的微塑料

对较小尺寸的微塑料 (MP) 进行分析变得更加困难,尤其是在复杂的基质中,例如天然水的沉积物。在这项工作中,我们使用激光直接红外 (LDIR) 成像分析沉积物中的 MP,这是环境 MP 研究中一种相对较新的技术。沉积物样品中加入分析替代物(聚乙烯球),并进行密度分离、湿过氧化物氧化、方解石去除和过滤。提取的颗粒被涂在低发射率的载玻片上,首先在立体显微镜上进行检查。使用安捷伦 LDIR 系统进一步分析了六个载玻片(两个沉积物样品和四个不同的空白)。在两个样品中发现大约 520 和 430 MP/g,直径范围为 20-3,384 μm,84% 小于 100 μm。随着颗粒尺寸的减小,颗粒数量的增加遵循幂律曲线,这表明大部分较小的 MP 是由较大的塑料碎片分解产生的。在这项工作中发现的主要聚合物包括聚酰胺、聚酯、聚四氟乙烯和聚缩醛。大多数 MP 是碎片,同时也发现了珠子和纤维。在两个沉积物样品中,总颗粒的 14% 和 46% 分别由非塑料微粒组成,包括天然聚酰胺、纤维素、甲壳素、橡胶和“未知”。讨论了挑战、潜在偏见和不确定性。这项工作是 LDIR 成像对天然沉积物中 MPs 的首次应用。这表明大部分较小的 MP 是由较大的塑料碎片分解产生的。在这项工作中发现的主要聚合物包括聚酰胺、聚酯、聚四氟乙烯和聚缩醛。大多数 MP 是碎片,同时也发现了珠子和纤维。在两个沉积物样品中,总颗粒的 14% 和 46% 分别由非塑料微粒组成,包括天然聚酰胺、纤维素、甲壳素、橡胶和“未知”。讨论了挑战、潜在偏见和不确定性。这项工作是 LDIR 成像对天然沉积物中 MP 的首次应用。这表明大部分较小的 MP 是由较大的塑料碎片分解产生的。在这项工作中发现的主要聚合物包括聚酰胺、聚酯、聚四氟乙烯和聚缩醛。大多数 MP 是碎片,同时也发现了珠子和纤维。在两个沉积物样品中,总颗粒的 14% 和 46% 分别由非塑料微粒组成,包括天然聚酰胺、纤维素、甲壳素、橡胶和“未知”。讨论了挑战、潜在偏见和不确定性。这项工作是 LDIR 成像对天然沉积物中 MPs 的首次应用。总颗粒的 14% 和 46% 分别由非塑料微粒组成,包括天然聚酰胺、纤维素、甲壳素、橡胶和“未知”。讨论了挑战、潜在偏见和不确定性。这项工作是 LDIR 成像对天然沉积物中 MPs 的首次应用。总颗粒的 14% 和 46% 分别由非塑料微粒组成,包括天然聚酰胺、纤维素、甲壳素、橡胶和“未知”。讨论了挑战、潜在偏见和不确定性。这项工作是 LDIR 成像对天然沉积物中 MP 的首次应用。

更新日期:2021-10-09
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