Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most promising renewable resources and can replace fossil fuels via various biorefinery processes. Through this study, we addressed and analyzed recent advances in the thermochemical conversion of various lignocellulosic biomasses. We summarized the operation conditions and results related to each thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis (torrefaction), hydrothermal treatment, gasification and combustion. This review indicates that using thermochemical conversion processes in biorefineries is techno-economically feasible, easy, and effective compared with biological processes. The challenges experienced in thermochemical conversion processes are also presented in this study for better understanding the future of thermochemical conversion processes for biorefinery. With the aid of artificial intelligence and machine learning, we can reduce time-consumption and experimental work for bio-oil production and syngas production processes.

木质纤维素生物质是最有前途的可再生资源之一，可以通过各种生物精炼工艺替代化石燃料。通过这项研究，我们解决和分析了各种木质纤维素生物质热化学转化的最新进展。我们总结了与热解（烘焙）、水热处理、气化和燃烧等每个热化学转化过程相关的操作条件和结果。该综述表明，与生物工艺相比，在生物精炼厂中使用热化学转化工艺在技术经济上是可行的、简单且有效的。本研究还介绍了热化学转化过程中遇到的挑战，以更好地了解生物炼制热化学转化过程的未来。