Sexual consent refers to people’s internal willingness to engage in sexual activity with another person—as well as their external communication of that willingness. Internal and external sexual consent can vary by type of sexual behavior; however, previous research on sexual consent has primarily only assessed “typical” sexual behaviors such as genital touching, oral sex, and vaginal–penile sex without providing further context or acknowledging people’s sexual diversity. Therefore, we provided an initial account of people’s sexual consent—and lack thereof—for a broader array of sexual behaviors and contexts in which they occur. Using an online cross-sectional survey of participants in the United Kingdom and the United States (N = 658, 50.5% women), we examined event-level internal and external sexual consent for 20 sexual behaviors or contexts. Women reported significantly lower levels of sexual consent feelings than men for 12 of the 20 sexual behaviors and lower levels of active consent communication for 7 of them. Almost a third of participants (31.0%) had experienced at least one of the listed sexual behaviors against their will. Of those, participants on average reported nonconsensual experiences with 3.1 of the 20 types of sexual behavior listed, ranging from 1 to 11. More women reported at least one nonconsensual experience with one of the sexual behaviors assessed compared with men (47.9% versus 22.3%, respectively). We discussed several behavior-specific findings regarding sexual consent and the lack thereof. We also made recommendations for initiatives aimed at promoting healthy sexual consent practices: embrace sexual diversity, emphasize sexual agency, and encourage active consent communication.

性同意是指人们内心愿意与另一个人进行性活动——以及他们对这种意愿的外在交流。内部和外部性同意可能因性行为类型而异；然而，之前关于性同意的研究主要只评估了“典型的”性行为，如生殖器接触、口交和阴茎性交，而没有提供进一步的背景或承认人们的性多样性。因此，我们针对更广泛的性行为及其发生的背景，提供了人们对性同意的初步描述——以及缺乏性同意的情况。使用对英国和美国参与者的在线横断面调查（N= 658，50.5% 的女性），我们检查了 20 种性行为或情境的事件级内部和外部性同意。对于 20 种性行为中的 12 种，女性报告的性同意感受水平明显低于男性，其中 7 种的主动同意交流水平较低。几乎三分之一的参与者 (31.0%) 经历过至少一种违背其意愿的所列性行为。其中，参与者平均报告了所列 20 种性行为中的 3.1 种非自愿经历，从 1 种到 11 种不等。与男性相比，更多的女性报告至少有一次被评估的性行为中的一种非自愿经历（47.9% 对 22.3%） ， 分别）。我们讨论了一些关于性同意和缺乏性同意的特定行为发现。