Certain chronic comorbidities, including diabetes, are highly prevalent in people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and are associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality. Mild glucose elevations are also common in COVID-19 patients and associated with worse outcomes even in people without diabetes. Several studies have recently reported new-onset diabetes associated with COVID-19. The phenomenon of new-onset diabetes following admission to the hospital has been observed previously with other viral infections and acute illnesses. The precise mechanisms for new-onset diabetes in people with COVID-19 are not known, but it is likely that a number of complex interrelated processes are involved, including previously undiagnosed diabetes, stress hyperglycemia, steroid-induced hyperglycemia, and direct or indirect effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the β-cell. There is an urgent need for research to help guide management pathways for these patients. In view of increased mortality in people with new-onset diabetes, hospital protocols should include efforts to recognize and manage acute hyperglycemia, including diabetic ketoacidosis, in people admitted to the hospital. Whether new-onset diabetes is likely to remain permanent is not known, as the long-term follow-up of these patients is limited. Prospective studies of metabolism in the setting of postacute COVID-19 will be required to understand the etiology, prognosis, and treatment opportunities.

某些慢性合并症，包括糖尿病，在 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 患者中非常普遍，并且与严重 COVID-19 和死亡风险增加相关。轻度血糖升高在 COVID-19 患者中也很常见，即使对于没有糖尿病的人来说，也可能导致更糟糕的结果。最近有几项研究报告了与 COVID-19 相关的新发糖尿病。此前曾在其他病毒感染和急性疾病中观察到入院后新发糖尿病的现象。COVID-19 患者新发糖尿病的确切机制尚不清楚，但可能涉及许多复杂的相互关联的过程，包括先前未诊断的糖尿病、应激性高血糖、类固醇诱导的高血糖以及直接或间接的影响严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 对 β 细胞的影响。迫切需要进行研究来帮助指导这些患者的治疗途径。鉴于新发糖尿病患者死亡率增加，医院方案应包括努力识别和管理入院患者的急性高血糖，包括糖尿病酮症酸中毒。新发糖尿病是否可能永久存在尚不清楚，因为对这些患者的长期随访有限。需要对急性后 COVID-19 的代谢进行前瞻性研究，以了解病因、预后和治疗机会。