The phytopathogenic fungus Truncatella angustata, associated with grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in Iran, produces the well-known secondary metabolite isocoumumarin (+)-6-hyroxyramulosin and surprisingly also phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA). PCA, identified by spectroscopic (essentially ¹H NMR and ESI MS) spectra, is a bacterial metabolite well known for its antifungal activity and was found for the first time in T. angustata culture filtrates. The antifungal activity of PCA was assayed against four different fungi responsible for GTDs, Phaeoacremonium minimum, Phaeoacremonium italicum, Fomitiporia mediterranea, involved in grapevine esca disease, and Neofusicoccum parvum, responsible for Botryosphaeria dieback. The activity was compared with that of the known commercial fungicide, pentachloronitrobenzene, and the close phenazine. PCA and phenazine exhibited strong antifungal activity against all phytopathogenic fungi, inhibiting the fungal growth by about 90–100% and 80–100%, respectively. These results suggested that T. angustata could use PCA to compete with other phytopathogenic fungi that attack grapevine and thus PCA could be proposed as a biofungicide against the fungi responsible for grapevine esca and Botryosphaeria dieback diseases.

中文翻译：

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吩嗪-1-羧酸 (PCA)，首次由伊朗葡萄树干病 (GTD) 的病原体 Truncatella angustata 生产作为抗真菌代谢物

植物病原真菌Truncatella angustata与伊朗的葡萄树干病 (GTD) 相关，它产生众所周知的次生代谢产物异香豆素 (+)-6-羟基雷穆罗辛，令人惊讶的是还产生吩嗪-1-羧酸 (PCA)。PCA 通过光谱（主要是¹ H NMR 和 ESI MS）光谱鉴定，是一种以其抗真菌活性而闻名的细菌代谢产物，首次在T. angustata培养物滤液中发现。PCA 的抗真菌活性针对四种不同的导致 GTD 的真菌进行了抗真菌活性测定：最小角孢霉 (Phaeoacremonia minum)、意大利短角孢霉 (Phaeoacremonia italicum )、与葡萄藤埃斯卡病有关的地中海福米蒂波菌(Fomitiporia mediterranea ) 和与葡萄球菌枯萎病有关的新孢霉 (Neofusicocum parvum)。该活性与已知的商业杀菌剂五氯硝基苯和相近的吩嗪进行了比较。PCA 和吩嗪对所有植物病原真菌均表现出很强的抗真菌活性，分别抑制真菌生长约 90-100% 和 80-100%。这些结果表明，T. angustata可以使用五氯苯甲醚与其他攻击葡萄树的植物病原真菌竞争，因此五氯苯甲醚可以作为一种生物杀菌剂来对抗引起葡萄树埃斯卡病和葡萄球菌顶枯病的真菌。