Building a complex structure such as the cell wall, with many individual parts that need to be assembled correctly from distinct sources within the cell, is a well-orchestrated process. Additional complexity is required to mediate dynamic responses to environmental and developmental cues. Enzymes, sugars, and other cell wall components are constantly and actively transported to and from the plasma membrane during diffuse growth. Cell wall components are transported in vesicles on cytoskeletal tracks composed of microtubules and actin filaments. Many of these components, and additional proteins, vesicles, and lipids are trafficked to and from the cell plate during cytokinesis. In this review, we first discuss how the cytoskeleton is initially organized to add new cell wall material or to build a new cell wall, focusing on similarities during these processes. Next, we discuss how polysaccharides and enzymes that build the cell wall are trafficked to the correct location by motor proteins and through other interactions with the cytoskeleton. Finally, we discuss some of the special features of newly formed cell walls generated during cytokinesis.

中文翻译：

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植物原代细胞壁合成的细胞生物学

构建一个复杂的结构，例如细胞壁，其中许多单独的部件需要从细胞内的不同来源正确组装，是一个精心策划的过程。需要额外的复杂性来调节对环境和发展线索的动态反应。在扩散生长过程中，酶、糖和其他细胞壁成分不断地、主动地进出质膜。细胞壁成分在由微管和肌动蛋白丝组成的细胞骨架轨道上的囊泡中运输。许多这些成分，以及额外的蛋白质、囊泡和脂质在胞质分裂过程中进出细胞板。在这篇综述中，我们首先讨论细胞骨架最初是如何组织起来以添加新的细胞壁材料或构建新的细胞壁的，关注这些过程中的相似之处。接下来，我们将讨论构建细胞壁的多糖和酶如何通过运动蛋白以及通过与细胞骨架的其他相互作用被运输到正确的位置。最后，我们讨论了胞质分裂过程中新形成的细胞壁的一些特殊特征。