ABSTRACT

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), also referred to as King salmon, is a premium aquaculture species farmed in New Zealand and to a small extent in western Canada. Despite the high research investment in the 50s and 60s, literature on nutrition on chinook salmon from recent years is sparse, particularly when compared to other salmonid aquaculture species, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). To improve fish productivity, it is essential to provide specific and efficient diets based on satisfying chinook salmon requirements for nutrients and energy and adapting these to life-stage, season, and production variables. Diet specifications for chinook salmon have to date largely been based on knowledge derived from other salmonid species and may not be optimised for chinook salmon. Thus, there is a lack of knowledge in some fundamental areas. This review explores the production status and literature related to the macro and micronutrient requirements, and general nutrition of chinook salmon. In doing so it compares these requirements to other farmed salmonids to understand some of the differences between species and highlights the main gaps in the literature.

摘要

奇努克鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha），也称为帝王鲑，是新西兰和加拿大西部少量养殖的优质水产养殖品种。尽管上世纪 50 年代和 60 年代的研究投入很高，但近年来有关奇努克鲑鱼营养的文献却很少，特别是与其他鲑鱼水产养殖品种相比，例如大西洋鲑鱼 (Salmo salar) 和虹鳟鱼 ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )）。为了提高鱼类生产力，必须在满足奇努克鲑鱼对营养和能量的需求的基础上提供特定且有效的饲料，并根据生命阶段、季节和生产变量进行调整。迄今为止，奇努克鲑鱼的饮食规范很大程度上基于来自其他鲑鱼物种的知识，并且可能并未针对奇努克鲑鱼进行优化。因此，在一些基础领域缺乏知识。本综述探讨了与奇努克鲑鱼的宏观和微量营养素需求以及一般营养相关的生产状况和文献。在此过程中，它将这些要求与其他养殖鲑鱼进行比较，以了解物种之间的一些差异，并强调文献中的主要差距。