An aquatic cash crop, ‘makhana’ (Euryale ferox Salisb.) was studied for predicted habitat suitability through ‘BioClim’ model for the year 1950–2000 and projected climate data for 2050 and 2070 for the Indian region based on primary data from survey and exploration for germplasm collection by ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR), New Delhi, India. A total of 362 diverse ‘makhana’ or foxnut germplasm accessions were augmented mainly from different districts of Indian state of Bihar and conserved at the National Genebank (NGB) at ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi. Predicted habitat suitability map of climate for the period 1950–2000 showed that the current locations of the highly suitable areas of cultivation of ‘makhana’ in Bihar were extended to other states namely- Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal in eastern India. Out of the total highly suitable estimated areas, maximum were located in Bihar (65.0 per cent) followed by Uttar Pradesh (12.3 per cent), Jharkhand (12.2 per cent) and West Bengal (10.5 per cent). Based on future predicted climate data for the year 2050 the habitat suitability map indicated that out of the total high suitable areas, Bihar had maximum area as compared to the other three states. Predicted climate data using ‘BioClim’ variables showed that high suitable areas shifted from major part in Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal and negligible areas bordering Katihar district of Bihar. While predicted climate data for the year 2050 and 2070 showed high suitable areas in West Bengal, especially Malda and Dakschin Dinajpur districts completely shrank due to temperature rise; while Uttar Dinajpur (Goal Pokhar-I, Goal Pokhar-II and Islampur districts) appeared as new areas. In Uttar Pradesh, new districts viz. Balrampur and Shravasti were identified as high suitable areas for ‘makhana’ cultivation. As ‘makhana’ is a popular cash crop of eastern part of the country, and has not been cultivated widely in other regions, hence the knowledge on its botany, distribution, cultivation practices and uses are provided.

通过 1950-2000 年的“BioClim”模型研究了一种水生经济作物 ' makhana' ( Euryale ferox Salisb.) 的栖息地适宜性预测，并根据调查的原始数据预测了印度地区 2050 和 2070 年的气候数据印度新德里 ICAR-国家植物遗传资源局 (ICAR-NBPGR) 的种质收集探索。总共 362 种不同的“ makhana”或狐狸坚果种质材料主要来自印度比哈尔邦的不同地区，并保存在新德里 ICAR-NBPGR 的国家基因库 (NGB) 中。1950-2000 年气候栖息地适宜性预测图显示，' makhana'高度适宜种植区的当前位置比哈尔邦扩展到其他邦，即印度东部的贾坎德邦、北方邦和西孟加拉邦。在所有高度适宜的估计区域中，最多的是比哈尔邦（65.0%），其次是北方邦（12.3%）、贾坎德邦（12.2%）和西孟加拉邦（10.5%）。根据未来预测的 2050 年气候数据，栖息地适宜性图表明，在所有高适宜区中，比哈尔邦与其他三个州相比面积最大。使用“BioClim”变量预测的气候数据表明，高度适宜的地区从贾坎德邦、北方邦和西孟加拉邦的主要地区转移，而与比哈尔邦卡蒂哈尔地区接壤的可忽略不计地区。虽然 2050 年和 2070 年的预测气候数据显示西孟加拉邦的高适宜地区，尤其是马尔达和达克钦迪纳杰布尔地区因气温升高而完全萎缩；而 Uttar Dinajpur（Goal Pokhar-I、Goal Pokhar-II 和 Islampur 区）则作为新区域出现。在北方邦，新区即。Balrampur 和 Shravasti 被确定为最适合“makhana 的栽培。由于 ' makhana'是该国东部流行的经济作物，在其他地区尚未广泛种植，因此提供了有关其植物学、分布、栽培实践和用途的知识。