In this study, a dipole antenna is designed for real-time damage assessment, humidity, and temperature monitoring in reinforced and non-reinforced concrete structures. The antenna-based sensor is embedded into reinforced and non-reinforced concrete beams to assess electromagnetic measurements. Reflection parameter S11 in dB values and resonant frequencies of the embedded antenna are evaluated to detect damage, humidity, and temperature changes. The exploratory results show that as deformation increases in reinforced concrete, resonance frequency values decrease and S11 values increase. The load and resonance frequency values showed very close trends as deformation increases in the beam. In water content sensing experiments, the S11 in dB values of the antenna decrease as the humidity increases for concrete specimens while the resonance frequency values increase as the humidity increases for the reinforced concrete specimen. Elevated temperature sensing experimental results show that the resonance frequency values of the antenna decrease as the temperature of the specimen increases for concrete specimens while the S11 in dB values increase as the temperature of the specimen increases for reinforced concrete specimen.

中文翻译：

---

嵌入式智能传感器偶极天线，用于钢筋和非钢筋混凝土结构中的实时损伤评估、湿度和温度监测

在这项研究中，偶极天线设计用于钢筋和非钢筋混凝土结构的实时损伤评估、湿度和温度监测。基于天线的传感器嵌入钢筋和非钢筋混凝土梁中，以评估电磁测量。反射参数小号11评估嵌入式天线的 dB 值和谐振频率，以检测损坏、湿度和温度变化。探索性结果表明，随着钢筋混凝土变形的增加，共振频率值减小，小号11值增加。随着梁变形的增加，载荷和共振频率值显示出非常接近的趋势。在含水量传感实验中，小号11天线的 dB 值随着混凝土试件的湿度增加而降低，而谐振频率值随着钢筋混凝土试件的湿度增加而增加。高温传感实验结果表明，对于混凝土试件，天线的谐振频率值随着试件温度的升高而降低，而小号11对于钢筋混凝土试件，单位为 dB 值随着试件温度的升高而增加。