Dendrite growth hinders the practical uses of the lithium metal anode (LMA) toward a high-energy-density battery. From the mechanics perspective, the lithium growth on a solid substrate yields a large strength, leading to a short circuit and worsened nonuniform lithium deposition. Inspired by quicksand in nature, we designed a non-Newtonian shear-thinning LMA. Such a quicksand-like LMA shows flowability under pressure and removes the solid substrate for dendrite growth, effectively releasing the stress in electrodes, especially at large current density and high deposition capacity. As a result, a good cycling performance is realized in symmetric cells even under a high current density of 20 mA cm^–2 and a high deposition capacity of 8 mAh cm^–2. The assembled Li–LiFePO₄ full cells also show a long stable cycling performance under a low N/P ratio. Moreover, the quicksand-like LMA eliminates the inner stress and keeps the integrity during repeated bending, showing potential use in flexible devices.

中文翻译：

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无枝晶非牛顿半固态锂金属负极

枝晶生长阻碍了锂金属负极 (LMA) 向高能量密度电池的实际应用。从力学的角度来看，固体基体上的锂生长会产生很大的强度，导致短路和不均匀的锂沉积。受自然界流沙的启发，我们设计了一种非牛顿剪切稀化 LMA。这种类似流沙的 LMA 在压力下表现出流动性，并去除了用于枝晶生长的固体基底，有效地释放了电极中的应力，尤其是在大电流密度和高沉积容量下。因此，即使在 20 mA cm ^–2的高电流密度和 8 mAh cm ^–2的高沉积容量下，对称电池也实现了良好的循环性能。组装的 Li-LiFePO ₄全电池在低 N/P 比下也显示出长期稳定的循环性能。此外，流沙状LMA消除了内部应力，并在反复弯曲过程中保持完整性，显示出在柔性设备中的潜在用途。