In this Colloquium recent advances in the field of quantum heat transport are reviewed. This topic has been investigated theoretically for several decades, but only during the past 20 years have experiments on various mesoscopic systems become feasible. A summary of the theoretical basis for describing heat transport in one-dimensional channels is first provided. The main experimental investigations of quantized heat conductance due to phonons, photons, electrons, and anyons in such channels are then presented. These experiments are important for understanding the fundamental processes that underlie the concept of a heat conductance quantum for a single channel. An illustration of how one can control the quantum heat transport by means of electric and magnetic fields, and how such tunable heat currents can be useful in devices, is first given. This lays the basis for realizing various thermal device components such as quantum heat valves, rectifiers, heat engines, refrigerators, and calorimeters. Also of interest are fluctuations of quantum heat currents, both for fundamental reasons and for optimizing the most sensitive thermal detectors; at the end of the Colloquium the status of research on this topic is given.

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座谈会：凝聚态系统中的量子热传输

在本座谈会中，回顾了量子热传输领域的最新进展。这个话题在理论上已经被研究了几十年，但只有在过去的 20 年里，各种介观系统的实验才变得可行。首先概述了描述一维通道中的热传输的理论基础。然后介绍了由声子、光子、电子和此类通道中的任意子引起的量子化热导的主要实验研究。这些实验对于理解构成单通道热导量子概念基础的基本过程非常重要。首先给出了如何通过电场和磁场控制量子热传输，以及这种可调热流如何在设备中使用的说明。这为实现量子热阀、整流器、热机、冰箱和热量计等各种热器件组件奠定了基础。同样令人感兴趣的是量子热流的波动，无论是出于基本原因还是为了优化最灵敏的热探测器；在座谈会结束时，给出了关于该主题的研究现状。