Energetic subsidies between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems can strongly influence food webs and population dynamics. Our objective was to study how aquatic subsidies affected jaguar (Panthera onca) diet, sociality, and population density in a seasonally flooded protected area in the Brazilian Pantanal. The diet (n = 138 scats) was dominated by fish (46%) and aquatic reptiles (55%), representing the first jaguar population known to feed extensively on fish and to minimally consume mammals (11%). These aquatic subsidies supported the highest jaguar population density estimate to date (12.4 jaguars/100 km²) derived from camera traps (8,065 trap nights) and GPS collars (n = 13). Contrary to their mostly solitary behavior elsewhere, we documented social interactions previously unobserved between same-sex adults including cooperative fishing, co-traveling, and play. Our study demonstrates that aquatic subsidies, frequently described in omnivores, can also transform the ecology and behavior of obligate carnivores.

中文翻译：

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广泛的水产补贴导致领土崩溃和顶级捕食者的高密度

陆地和水生生态系统之间的能量补贴可以强烈影响食物网和种群动态。我们的目标是研究水产补贴如何影响巴西潘塔纳尔季节性洪水保护区的美洲豹 ( Panthera onca ) 的饮食、社会性和人口密度。饮食（n  = 138 粪便）以鱼类 (46%) 和水生爬行动物 (55%) 为主，代表了已知的第一个广泛以鱼类为食和最低限度食用哺乳动物 (11%) 的美洲虎种群。这些水生补贴支持了迄今为止最高的美洲豹种群密度估计（12.4 只美洲豹/100 平方公里），这是从相机陷阱（8,065 个陷阱之夜）和 GPS 项圈（n = 13). 与他们在其他地方大多独居的行为相反，我们记录了以前未观察到的同性成年人之间的社会互动，包括合作钓鱼、共同旅行和玩耍。我们的研究表明，经常在杂食动物中描述的水生补贴也可以改变专性食肉动物的生态和行为。