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Biological invasions and climate change amplify each other’s effects on dryland degradation
Global Change Biology ( IF 11.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-06 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15919
Sujith Ravi 1 , Darin J Law 2 , Joshua S Caplan 3 , Greg A Barron-Gafford 4 , Katerina M Dontsova 5 , Javier F Espeleta 6 , Juan C Villegas 7 , Gregory S Okin 8 , David D Breshears 2 , Travis E Huxman 9
Affiliation  

Climate models predict that, in the coming decades, many arid regions will experience increasingly hot conditions and will be affected more frequently by drought. These regions are also experiencing rapid vegetation change, notably invasion by exotic grasses. Invasive grasses spread rapidly into native desert ecosystems due, in particular, to interannual variability in precipitation and periodic fires. The resultant destruction of non-fire-adapted native shrub and grass communities and of the inherent soil resource heterogeneity can yield invader-dominated grasslands. Moreover, recurrent droughts are expected to cause widespread physiological stress and mortality of both invasive and native plants, as well as the loss of soil resources. However, the magnitude of these effects may differ between invasive and native grasses, especially under warmer conditions, rendering the trajectory of vegetated communities uncertain. Using the Biosphere 2 facility in the Sonoran Desert, we evaluated the viability of these hypothesized relationships by simulating combinations of drought and elevated temperature (+5°C) and assessing the ecophysiological and mortality responses of both a dominant invasive grass (Pennisetum ciliare or buffelgrass) and a dominant native grass (Heteropogan contortus or tanglehead). While both grasses survived protracted drought at ambient temperatures by inducing dormancy, drought under warmed conditions exceeded the tolerance limits of the native species, resulting in greater and more rapid mortality than exhibited by the invasive. Thus, two major drivers of global environmental change, biological invasion and climate change, can be expected to synergistically accelerate ecosystem degradation unless large-scale interventions are enacted.

中文翻译:

生物入侵和气候变化相互放大了对旱地退化的影响

气候模型预测,在未来几十年,许多干旱地区将经历越来越炎热的天气,并将更频繁地受到干旱的影响。这些地区也正在经历快速的植被变化,特别是外来草的入侵。特别是由于降水和周期性火灾的年际变化,入侵的草迅速蔓延到原生沙漠生态系统中。对不适应火的本地灌木和草群落以及固有的土壤资源异质性的破坏会产生入侵者主导的草原。此外,预计反复发生的干旱会导致入侵植物和本地植物的广泛生理压力和死亡,以及土壤资源的损失。然而,这些影响的程度在侵入性草和原生草之间可能有所不同,尤其是在温暖的条件下,使得植被群落的轨迹变得不确定。我们使用位于索诺兰沙漠的生物圈 2 设施,通过模拟干旱和升高的温度 (+5°C) 的组合并评估两种占优势的侵入性草的生态生理学和死亡率响应来评估这些假设关系的可行性。Pennisetum ciliare或 buffelgrass)和一种占优势的原生草(Heteropogan contortus或 tanglehead)。虽然这两种草都通过诱导休眠在环境温度下经受住了长期干旱,但温暖条件下的干旱超过了本地物种的耐受极限,导致比入侵物种更大和更快的死亡。因此,除非采取大规模干预措施,否则全球环境变化的两个主要驱动因素,生物入侵和气候变化,有望协同加速生态系统退化。
更新日期:2021-12-03
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