Functional mesoporous materials have gained tremendous attention due to their distinctive properties and potential applications. In recent decades, the self-assembly of micelles and framework precursors into mesostructures on the liquid–solid, liquid–liquid, and gas–liquid interface has been explored in the construction of functional mesoporous materials with diverse compositions, morphologies, mesostructures, and pore sizes. Compared with the one-phase solution synthetic approach, the introduction of a two-phase interface in the synthetic system changes self-assembly behaviors between micelles and framework species, leading to the possibility for the on-demand fabrication of unique mesoporous architectures. In addition, controlling the interfacial tension is critical to manipulate the self-assembly process for precise synthesis. In particular, recent breakthroughs based on the concept of the “monomicelles” assembly mechanism are very promising and interesting for the synthesis of functional mesoporous materials with the precise control. In this review, we highlight the synthetic strategies, principles, and interface engineering at the macroscale, microscale, and nanoscale for oriented interfacial assembly of functional mesoporous materials over the past 10 years. The potential applications in various fields, including adsorption, separation, sensors, catalysis, energy storage, solar cells, and biomedicine, are discussed. Finally, we also propose the remaining challenges, possible directions, and opportunities in this field for the future outlook.

中文翻译：

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功能介孔材料的界面组装及应用

功能性介孔材料由于其独特的性能和潜在的应用而受到了极大的关注。近几十年来，胶束和骨架前体在液-固、液-液和气-液界面上自组装成介孔结构已被探索用于构建具有不同组成、形态、介孔结构和孔的功能性介孔材料。尺寸。与单相溶液合成方法相比，在合成系统中引入两相界面改变了胶束和骨架物质之间的自组装行为，从而为按需制造独特的介孔结构提供了可能性。此外，控制界面张力对于控制自组装过程以实现精确合成至关重要。特别是，最近基于“单胶束”组装机制概念的突破对于合成具有精确控制的功能性介孔材料非常有前景和意义。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了过去 10 年中用于功能性介孔材料定向界面组装的宏观、微观和纳米尺度的合成策略、原理和界面工程。讨论了在吸附、分离、传感器、催化、储能、太阳能电池和生物医学等各个领域的潜在应用。最后，我们还提出了该领域剩余的挑战、可能的方向和未来的机遇。