Objectives Many athletes struggle in managing the end of their career, often gaining weight and adopting unhealthy lifestyles. Lifestyle programmes targeting former athletes who have gained substantial fat mass (FM) postsports career are lacking. We studied the effects of the Champ4Life programme on body composition and other health-related outcomes in former elite athletes with overweight or obesity. Methods Ninety-four former athletes(42.4±7.3 y, 34.0% female) were recruited and randomly assigned to either an intervention group (IG; n=49) or a control group (CG; n=45). The IG attended 12 educational sessions addressing physical activity, weight management and nutrition. They also had a nutrition appointment aimed to prescribe a moderate caloric deficit(~300–500 kcal/day). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition. The Short-Form Health Survey-36 questionnaire was used to measure general health-related quality of life. Blood samples were collected to assess cardiometabolic health parameters. Results At 12 months, the IG lost more weight (estimated difference (ED)=−5.3 kg; −6.9 to −3.8), total FM (ED=−4.1 kg; −5.4 to −2.8) and abdominal FM (ED=−0.49 kg; −0.64 to −0.33) than did the CG (p’s<0.001). Cardiometabolic health markers also improved significantly (p<0.05) more in the IG at 12 months (insulin (ED=−4.9 μU/mL;−8.0 to −1.8); homoeostatic model assessment (ED=−1.2; −2.1 to −0.4); total cholesterol (ED=−21.8 mg/dL; -35.4 to −8.2); low-density lipoprotein (ED=18.2 mg/dL;−29.2 to −7.1)), as did quality-of-life dimensions (physical functioning (ED=11.7; 6.5 to 16.9); physical role (ED=17.6; 2.1 to 33.0); general health (ED=19.4; 11.4 to 27.4); vitality (ED=13.3; 5.3 to 21.3) and mental health (ED=12.3; 4.1 to 20.6)). Conclusions The Champ4Life programme was effective in substantially reducing total and abdominal FM while preserving fat-free mass and improving health-related markers. These findings will enable evidence-based decisions when implementing lifestyle interventions targeting retired elite athletes. Trial registeration number [NCT03031951][1]. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as online supplemental information. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03031951&atom=%2Fbjsports%2F56%2F7%2F394.atom

中文翻译：

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针对不活跃的前精英运动员的生活方式减肥干预的有效性：Champ4Life 随机对照试验

目标 许多运动员在结束职业生涯时遇到困难，经常体重增加并采取不健康的生活方式。缺乏针对在运动后职业生涯中获得大量脂肪（FM）的前运动员的生活方式计划。我们研究了 Champ4Life 计划对超重或肥胖的前精英运动员的身体成分和其他健康相关结果的影响。方法 94 名前运动员（42.4±7.3 岁，34.0% 女性）被招募并随机分配到干预组（IG；n=49）或对照组（CG；n=45）。IG 参加了 12 场关于体育活动、体重管理和营养的教育课程。他们还进行了一次营养预约，旨在规定适度的热量不足（~300-500 kcal/天）。双能 X 射线吸收测定法用于评估身体成分。Short-Form Health Survey-36问卷用于衡量一般健康相关的生活质量。收集血液样本以评估心脏代谢健康参数。结果 在 12 个月时，IG 体重减轻更多（估计差异 (ED)=-5.3 kg；-6.9 至 -3.8）、总 FM（ED=-4.1 kg；-5.4 至 -2.8）和腹部 FM（ED=- 0.49 kg；-0.64 到 -0.33）比 CG（p<0.001）。12 个月时，IG 中的心脏代谢健康标志物也显着改善（p<0.05）（胰岛素（ED=-4.9 μU/mL；-8.0 至 -1.8）；稳态模型评估（ED=-1.2；-2.1 至 -0.4） ）；总胆固醇（ED=-21.8 mg/dL；-35.4 至 -8.2）；低密度脂蛋白（ED=18.2 mg/dL；-29.2 至 -7.1）），生活质量维度（物理功能（ED=11.7；6.5 到 16.9）；身体作用（ED=17.6；2.1 到 33.0）；一般健康（ED=19.4；11.4 到 27.4）；活力（ED=13.3；5.3 至 21.3）和心理健康（ED=12.3；4.1 至 20.6））。结论 Champ4Life 计划有效地显着减少总和腹部 FM，同时保持无脂肪质量和改善与健康相关的标志物。在实施针对退休精英运动员的生活方式干预措施时，这些发现将使基于证据的决策成为可能。试用注册号[NCT03031951][1]。所有与研究相关的数据都包含在文章中或作为在线补充信息上传。[1]：/lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03031951&atom=%2Fbjsports%2F56%2F7%2F394.atom 结论 Champ4Life 计划有效地显着减少总和腹部 FM，同时保持无脂肪质量和改善与健康相关的标志物。在实施针对退休精英运动员的生活方式干预措施时，这些发现将使基于证据的决策成为可能。试用注册号[NCT03031951][1]。所有与研究相关的数据都包含在文章中或作为在线补充信息上传。[1]：/lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03031951&atom=%2Fbjsports%2F56%2F7%2F394.atom 结论 Champ4Life 计划有效地显着减少总和腹部 FM，同时保持无脂肪质量和改善与健康相关的标志物。在实施针对退休精英运动员的生活方式干预措施时，这些发现将使基于证据的决策成为可能。试用注册号[NCT03031951][1]。所有与研究相关的数据都包含在文章中或作为在线补充信息上传。[1]：/lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03031951&atom=%2Fbjsports%2F56%2F7%2F394.atom 所有与研究相关的数据都包含在文章中或作为在线补充信息上传。[1]：/lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03031951&atom=%2Fbjsports%2F56%2F7%2F394.atom 所有与研究相关的数据都包含在文章中或作为在线补充信息上传。[1]：/lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT03031951&atom=%2Fbjsports%2F56%2F7%2F394.atom