ABSTRACT

Perceived unsafety, fear of crime, and avoidance were studied in relation to different types of crime, crime in different time perspectives, concentrated disadvantage, collective efficacy, urbanity, age structure, and neighborhood disorder. Four data sources were used on a large Swedish city; a community survey from 2012 and 2015 among residents, census data on socio-demographics, police data on reported violent (assault and robbery in the public environment), and property crimes (arson, property damage, theft, vehicle theft, and residential burglary) and geographical information on local bus stops and annual passengers visiting these bus stops. Collective efficacy primarily, but also concentrated disadvantage, was strongly related to perceived unsafety, across 102 neighborhoods. Collective efficacy was strongly related to fear of crime. It was not viable to relate the neighborhood variables with avoidance, however. Fear of specific violent crimes was different from fear of specific property crimes and should for future reference be examined separately. Crime, visible disorder, urbanity, and age structure do not seem as important.

摘要

研究了感知到的不安全感、对犯罪的恐惧和回避与不同类型的犯罪、不同时间视角的犯罪、集中劣势、集体效能、城市化、年龄结构和邻里混乱的关系。瑞典的一个大城市使用了四个数据源；2012 年和 2015 年对居民的社区调查、社会人口普查数据、警方报告的暴力（公共环境中的袭击和抢劫）和财产犯罪（纵火、财产损失、盗窃、车辆盗窃和入室盗窃）数据以及当地巴士站的地理信息和每年访问这些巴士站的乘客。在 102 个社区中，集体效能主要，但也集中不利，与感知的不安全密切相关。集体效能与对犯罪的恐惧密切相关。然而，将邻域变量与回避联系起来是不可行的。对特定暴力犯罪的恐惧不同于对特定财产犯罪的恐惧，应单独研究以备日后参考。犯罪、可见的混乱、城市化和年龄结构似乎并不那么重要。