Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from various eukaryotes range from 30–1000 nm in diameter, and contain numerous cargoes, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids with various functions, which might be promising biomarkers or important modulating molecules. Research into the roles of EVs in aquatic animals is in its infancy. Limited studies have confirmed the existence of EVs in different kinds of aquatic animals, such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and reptiles, and a few of them have shown that EVs have similar roles to those in higher vertebrates. Therefore, research on EVs from aquatic animals will not only deepen our understanding of the complex biological process in aquatic animals, but also will provide evolution-related information. This review summarizes EVs extracted from different aquatic species and their different tissues, including details of their extraction methods, identification, characterization, contents analysis, and application. This review provides a reference for the in-depth study of the extracellular systems of aquatic animals.

摘要

来自各种真核生物的细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 的直径范围为 30-1000 nm，并包含许多货物，例如具有各种功能的核酸、蛋白质和脂质，它们可能是有前途的生物标志物或重要的调节分子。对 EV 在水生动物中的作用的研究尚处于起步阶段。有限的研究已经证实 EV 在不同种类的水生动物中存在，例如鱼类、软体动物、甲壳类动物和爬行动物，其中一些研究表明 EV 在高等脊椎动物中具有相似的作用。因此，对水生动物 EV 的研究不仅将加深我们对水生动物复杂生物过程的理解，还将提供与进化相关的信息。本综述总结了从不同水生物种及其不同组织中提取的 EV，包括它们的提取方法、鉴定、表征、内容分析和应用的详细信息。本综述为深入研究水生动物细胞外系统提供参考。