Microplastic waste is an emerging global issue due to its environmental effect of accumulation in ecosystems, and waste managing systems have given rise to its presence in the aquatic environment. It is gaining attention due to its persistent nature and potential adverse effects on living organisms. There is an urgent need for the development of efficient degradation methods for microplastic (MP) treatment. In this review, a comprehensive overview of current methods for the degradation of MPs, such as biological, photo, chemical, and mechanical degradation have been summarized and discussed in detail. All the fundamental mechanisms of MP degradation in the natural environment are linked with remediation approaches to accelerate these mechanisms that occur in nature. Decomposition efficiency with the applied system’s limitations has also been mentioned. Furthermore, the current knowledge gaps about MP decomposition, and future research directions are proposed. This work offers a summary of current degradation methods for MP decomposition and provides a reference for the control of MP pollution.

中文翻译：

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微塑料降解的机理和工程方法

由于其在生态系统中积累的环境影响，微塑料废物是一个新出现的全球问题，废物管理系统已导致其在水生环境中的存在。由于其持久性和对生物体的潜在不利影响，它正受到关注。迫切需要开发用于微塑料 (MP) 处理的有效降解方法。在这篇综述中，对目前降解 MPs 的方法，如生物降解、光降解、化学降解和机械降解，进行了全面概述和详细讨论。自然环境中 MP 降解的所有基本机制都与加速这些自然发生的机制的修复方法有关。还提到了具有应用系统限制的分解效率。此外，还提出了当前关于 MP 分解的知识差距和未来的研究方向。该工作总结了目前MP分解的降解方法，为MP污染的控制提供了参考。