A solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) is highly desirable to restrain Zn dendrite growth and side reactions between a Zn anode and water in rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RAZBs), but remains a challenge. Here, inspired by the bio-adhesion principle, a stable SEI of polydopamine is constructed successfully on a Zn anode via an in situ electrochemical polymerization process of a dopamine additive. This in situ polymeric SEI offers multifunctional features with abundant functional groups and outstanding hydrophilicity for regulating Zn nucleation to achieve dendrite-free Zn deposition, high Zn-ion conductivity for fast Zn²⁺ transport, and strong adhesion capability for blocking interfacial side reactions. Consequently, the Zn electrodes exhibited high reversibility with 99.5% coulombic efficiency and outstanding stability, even at ultrahigh current density and areal capacity (30 mA cm⁻² and 30 mA h cm⁻²). Moreover, a prolonged lifespan can be attained for the Zn/V₂O₅ full cell in a lean electrolyte (9 μL mA h⁻¹) and with a low capacity ratio of the negative electrode to the positive electrode (∼2). This work provides inspiration for the design of SEI layers in aqueous battery chemistry and promotes the practical application of RAZBs.

中文翻译：

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用于锌金属阳极在 30 mA cm−2 和 30 mA h cm−2 下循环的原位多功能聚合物固体电解质界面的仿生设计

在可充电的水性锌离子电池（RAZB）中，固体电解质界面（SEI）非常适合抑制锌枝晶生长和锌负极与水之间的副反应，但仍然是一个挑战。这里，由生物粘附性原理的启发，聚多巴胺的稳定的SEI被成功构建形成Zn阳极经由一个原位多巴胺添加剂的电化学聚合方法。这种原位聚合物 SEI 提供多功能特征，具有丰富的官能团和出色的亲水性，可调节 Zn 成核以实现无枝晶 Zn 沉积，高 Zn 离子电导率可实现快速 Zn ²⁺运输，以及阻断界面副反应的强粘附能力。因此，即使在超高电流密度和面积容量（30 mA cm ^-2和 30 mA h cm ^-2）下，Zn 电极也表现出高可逆性，库仑效率为 99.5% 和出色的稳定性。此外，Zn/V ₂ O ₅全电池在贫电解质（9 μL mA h ^-1）和负极与正极的低容量比（~2）中可以获得延长的寿命。这项工作为水性电池化学中SEI层的设计提供了灵感，并促进了RAZBs的实际应用。