Maintaining both high static liquid repellency and large dynamic pressure resistance is highly preferred for a myriad of applications, such as energy conversion, anti-icing, and antifouling. However, these two merits are mutually exclusive in conventional surface design: Sparse structures with reduced solid–liquid contact area yield high static liquid repellency, which in turn inevitably suffer from poor dynamic wetting properties as exemplified by low wetting resistance and easy Cassie-to-Wenzel transition. Here, we circumvent this trade-off by designing a springtail cuticle-inspired surface consisting of multilayered, doubly reentrant posts with increasing diameter from top to bottom, which simultaneously imparts high static wetting and multiple energy barriers for the gradual liquid penetration in a stepwise mode. Particularly, the synergy between the doubly reentrant structure, which increases the breakthrough pressure, and the multilayered architecture sustains a robust liquid repellency in a broad range of conditions otherwise challenging on conventional structures. Our findings provide an important insight for the rational design of robust superliquid-repellent surfaces.

中文翻译：

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通过逐步抗湿性实现强大的拒液性

保持高静态液体排斥性和大动态抗压性对于无数应用来说是非常优选的，例如能量转换、防冰和防污。然而，这两个优点在传统的表面设计中是相互排斥的：固体-液体接触面积减少的稀疏结构产生高静态液体排斥性，这反过来不可避免地受到动态润湿性差的影响，例如低润湿性和容易 Cassie-to-温泽尔过渡。在这里，我们通过设计一个受弹尾角质层启发的表面来规避这种权衡，该表面由多层、双重入的柱子组成，直径从上到下逐渐增加，同时赋予高静态润湿和多个能量屏障，以逐步模式逐渐渗透液体. 特别，双重入结构（增加突破压力）与多层结构之间的协同作用在广泛的条件下保持强大的液体排斥性，否则传统结构具有挑战性。我们的发现为合理设计坚固的超液体排斥表面提供了重要的见解。