Saccharides (sugars), common constituents of the bio- and geosphere, are useful in determining the source of organic matter (OM) in aerosols and early diagenetic phases. Due to the chemical properties and great diversity of sugars in nature, a wide range of techniques is used for the isolation and quantification of saccharides. Here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, preceded by derivatization with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), was undertaken. The effectiveness of this derivatization was demonstrated for soils, aerosols, fungi, and individual sugar standards. The efficacy of BSTFA derivatization for individual sugar standards and, similarly, for samples of sugars in winter and summer aerosols was adequate. In fungi and soil samples, the MSTFA reagent was much more effective. Different mono- and disaccharides were identified in biological samples and sedimentary rocks, showing not only the great diversity of these compounds but also the specificity of their origin in recent and ancient OM. Greater variation in the occurrence of sugars in soils compared to rocks may suggest differences in the stability of some saccharides at an early stage of diagenetic transformation. Comparison of the occurrence of certain sugars in biological samples and sedimentary rocks sheds new light on the origin and preservation of these biomolecules.

糖类（糖）是生物圈和地圈的常见成分，可用于确定气溶胶和早期成岩阶段中有机物 (OM) 的来源。由于自然界中糖类的化学性质和种类繁多，因此有多种技术可用于糖类的分离和定量。在这里，进行了气相色谱-质谱分析，先用 N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基-三氟乙酰胺 (MSTFA) 和 N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺 (BSTFA) 进行衍生化。这种衍生化的有效性在土壤、气溶胶、真菌和单个糖标准中得到了证明。BSTFA 衍生化对于单个糖标准品以及类似地对于冬季和夏季气溶胶中的糖样品的功效是足够的。在真菌和土壤样品中，MSTFA 试剂更有效。在生物样品和沉积岩中鉴定出不同的单糖和双糖，不仅表明这些化合物的多样性，而且表明它们在近代和古代 OM 中的起源的特异性。与岩石相比，土壤中糖类存在的更大变化可能表明在成岩转化的早期阶段某些糖类的稳定性存在差异。比较生物样品和沉积岩中某些糖的存在情况为这些生物分子的起源和保存提供了新的线索。与岩石相比，土壤中糖类存在的更大变化可能表明在成岩转化的早期阶段某些糖类的稳定性存在差异。比较生物样品和沉积岩中某些糖的存在情况为这些生物分子的起源和保存提供了新的线索。与岩石相比，土壤中糖类存在的更大变化可能表明在成岩转化的早期阶段某些糖类的稳定性存在差异。比较生物样品和沉积岩中某些糖的存在情况为这些生物分子的起源和保存提供了新的线索。