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Where Do People Live Longer in Russia in the 21st Century? Life Expectancy across Urban and Rural areas
Population and Development Review ( IF 10.515 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-28 , DOI: 10.1111/padr.12437
Aleksey Shchur , Vladimir M. Shkolnikov , Sergey Timonin , Evgeny Andreev , David A. Leon

The twenty-first century marked the beginning of rapid health improvements in Russia. In the late 2000s and the 2010s, there was already a moderate decrease in inter-oblast mortality disparities, with the exception of the growing life expectancy (LE) advantage of Moscow and Saint Petersburg. We have used newly available data to explore LE changes from 2003–2005 to 2015–2017 and determinants of LE differences across settlements of different types and population sizes. We distinguished between three major segments of the LE distribution: Moscow and Saint Petersburg at the top, large- and medium-sized cities in the middle, and smaller urban and rural areas lagging behind. The LE differences among these three groups increased, but the within-group differences decreased. The gaps between bigger cities and the “periphery” within oblasts grew, and this part of the total dispersion had increased substantially by 2015–2017. Education, together with population size, explained 62 percent (for females) and 67 percent (for males) of LE variation across 292 geographic units in 2015–2017. Our results suggest that slower health progress in small urban and rural areas is an important obstacle to further mortality reduction at the national level and is a matter of public health concern.

中文翻译:

21 世纪俄罗斯哪里的人寿命更长?城乡预期寿命

二十一世纪标志着俄罗斯健康状况迅速改善的开始。在 2000 年代后期和 2010 年代,除了莫斯科和圣彼得堡的预期寿命 (LE) 优势不断增长之外,各州之间的死亡率差异已经适度缩小。我们使用新的可用数据来探索 2003-2005 年至 2015-2017 年的 LE 变化,以及不同类型和人口规模的定居点之间 LE 差异的决定因素。我们区分了 LE 分布的三个主要部分:莫斯科和圣彼得堡位于顶部,大中型城市位于中部,较小的城市和农村地区落后。这三组之间的LE差异增加,但组内差异减少。大城市与州内“外围”之间的差距越来越大,到 2015-2017 年,这部分总分散度大幅增加。教育以及人口规模解释了 2015-2017 年 292 个地理单位的 62%(女性)和 67%(男性)的 LE 变异。我们的研究结果表明,小城市和农村地区的健康进展缓慢是国家层面进一步降低死亡率的一个重要障碍,也是一个公共卫生问题。
更新日期:2021-09-28
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