ABSTRACT

Background

Data on the sensitization pattern and clinical characteristics of pediatric vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) are scary in Central Africa. This chronic form of allergic conjunctivitis affects the quality of school life and work productivity. There is no study that shows the breadth of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in our setting.

Purpose

To describe the clinical characteristics of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in Kinshasa, to evaluate the sensitization profile and associated factors.

Methods

A total of 400 children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis underwent a clinical examination and a skin prick test (SPT) for 10 allergens. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis and cockroach were the most common allergens in 52, 1 %, 18, 8% and 13% respectively among sensitized children and 66, 4% showed polysensitization.

Results

The main symptoms were itchy eyes 45%, brownish discoloration conjunctiva 17%, red eyes 12, 2%, eyelids rubbing 11, 5%, tearing 8, 7% and photophobia 5, 5%.The limbic form was predominant with 54%, followed by palpebral form 26% and mixed form 20%. The most common complications were superficial punctate keratitis 17, 2%, shield ulcer 1, 5%, corneal plaque 1, 3% and corneal erosion 1%.

Conclusion

This study outlines that 34, 5% of children attending the outpatient Ophthalmology Department in two hospitals of Kinshasa for vernal keratoconjunctivitis disease had a positive skin prick test to at least one allergen, in particular for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis and cockroach.

中文翻译：

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金沙萨刚果儿童春季角膜结膜炎的敏感性和临床特征

摘要

背景

在中非，关于小儿春季角膜结膜炎 (VKC) 的致敏模式和临床特征的数据令人恐惧。这种慢性过敏性结膜炎会影响学校生活质量和工作效率。没有研究显示我们环境中春季角膜结膜炎的范围。

目的

描述金沙萨春季角膜结膜炎的临床特征，评估致敏概况和相关因素。

方法

共有 400 名患有春季角膜结膜炎的儿童接受了临床检查和针对 10 种过敏原的皮肤点刺试验 (SPT)。屋尘螨、热带褐斑病菌和蟑螂是最常见的过敏原，在致敏儿童中分别有 52%、1%、18%、8% 和 13%，66 例和 4% 表现出多敏化。

结果

主要症状是眼睛发痒 45%，结膜褐色变色 17%，眼睛发红 12%，2%，揉眼皮 11%，5%，流泪 8%，7%，畏光 5%，5%。以边缘形式为主，占 54%，其次是眼睑型 26% 和混合型 20%。最常见的并发症为浅层点状角膜炎 17 例，占 2%，盾状溃疡 1 例，占 5%，角膜斑 1 例，占 3%，角膜糜烂 1%。

结论

该研究概述了在金沙萨两家医院眼科门诊就诊的 34 名儿童中有 5% 因春季角膜结膜炎疾病对至少一种过敏原进行了阳性皮肤点刺试验，特别是屋尘螨、热带布螨和蟑螂。