Bioenergy is seen as a key option to meet future energy demands and mitigate climate impacts. However, large-scale deployment of bioenergy can cause an additional pressure over land resources and correspondent sustainability impacts. Enhanced land management practices are fundamental to intensify land-based outputs under different climate mitigation scenarios. Bioenergy-livestock integration (BLI) is a win-win strategy to climate mitigation while ensuring food and fibers demands from the society by using bioenergy by-products as animal feed to release land to additional industrial crops production. This study comparatively assesses BLI opportunities in Brazil to better understand the sustainability issues of the alternatives for integration of these value chains, highlighting the key techno-economic and environmental aspects. When compared to conventional systems, the BLI systems present positive techno-economic impacts and lower greenhouse gas emissions, reaching mitigations up to 32 % and 22 % for meat and ethanol production, respectively. The expansion of BLI systems in Brazil could meet projected biofuels future demands, using less than 20 % of the expected area for this expansion. Potential expansion areas are concentrated in Center-South region of Brazil. BLI systems can be further advanced by including other synergies, such as codigestion of sugarcane vinasse and cattle manure, integration of flex ethanol plants with biodiesel plants, maximization of biofuels by-products as animal feed, and inclusion of novel promising alternative industrial crops such as macauba, sweet sorghum, energy cane and short rotation eucalyptus coppice. However, we identify many potential barriers including the operational complexity, specific know-how, and necessity of economic incentives. This study may provide important insights for strategic and integrated polices for both agricultural and livestock sections as the proper sustainability assessment of an early stage of the deployment of enhanced BLI systems may help to meet global future demands of energy while also contributing to climate change targets.

生物能源被视为满足未来能源需求和减轻气候影响的关键选择。然而，生物能源的大规模部署会对土地资源和相应的可持续性影响造成额外的压力。加强土地管理实践对于在不同气候减缓情景下加强土地产出至关重要。生物能源-畜牧一体化 (BLI) 是缓解气候变化的双赢战略，同时通过使用生物能源副产品作为动物饲料，释放土地用于额外的经济作物生产，从而确保社会对食物和纤维的需求。本研究比较评估了巴西的 BLI 机会，以更好地了解整合这些价值链的替代方案的可持续性问题，突出了关键的技术经济和环境方面。与传统系统相比，BLI 系统呈现出积极的技术经济影响和更低的温室气体排放，分别对肉类和乙醇生产实现了高达 32% 和 22% 的减排。巴西 BLI 系统的扩建可以满足预计的未来生物燃料需求，但此次扩建使用的面积不到预期的 20%。潜在扩张区域集中在巴西中南部地区。BLI 系统可以通过包括其他协同作用来进一步推进，例如甘蔗酒糟和牛粪的共同消化、灵活乙醇工厂与生物柴油工厂的整合、生物燃料副产品作为动物饲料的最大化，以及包含新的有前途的替代工业作物，例如猕猴桃、甜高粱、能量甘蔗和短轮换桉树矮林。然而，我们确定了许多潜在的障碍，包括运营复杂性、具体知识和经济激励措施的必要性。这项研究可能为农业和畜牧部门的战略和综合政策提供重要见解，因为对增强型 BLI 系统部署的早期阶段进行适当的可持续性评估可能有助于满足全球未来的能源需求，同时也有助于实现气候变化目标。